_:b6610666 . _:b420808094 . _:b420810947 "2"^^ . . _:b420810054 . _:b420807773 "3"^^ . . _:b6610667 . . _:b420810946 "2"^^ . _:b420808539 . . . _:b420810049 . _:b420807772 "3"^^ . _:b6610676 . _:b420810957 "2"^^ . _:b420807775 "3"^^ . _:b420810048 . _:b6610677 . _:b420810956 "2"^^ . _:b420807774 "3"^^ . _:b420810636 . _:b420810051 . _:b6610678 . . _:b420810959 "2"^^ . _:b420807769 "3"^^ . _:b420810050 . _:b6610679 . _:b420810958 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810061 . _:b420807768 "3"^^ . _:b6610672 . _:b420810953 "2"^^ . _:b420807771 "3"^^ . _:b420810060 . . _:b6610673 . _:b420810952 "2"^^ . _:b420807770 "3"^^ . _:b420810063 . _:b420810807 . _:b6610674 . _:b420807740 . _:b420810955 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810062 . _:b420807781 "3"^^ . _:b6610675 . _:b420810954 "2"^^ . _:b420807780 "3"^^ . _:b420810057 . . _:b6610684 . _:b420809662 . _:b420807640 . _:b420810965 "2"^^ . . _:b420810385 . _:b420807783 "3"^^ . _:b420810836 . _:b420810056 . _:b6610685 . . _:b420810964 "2"^^ . _:b420806370 . . _:b420807782 "3"^^ . _:b420810059 . _:b6610686 . _:b420806438 . _:b420810967 "2"^^ . . _:b420807777 "3"^^ . _:b420810058 . . _:b6610687 . _:b420810966 "2"^^ . _:b420809706 . _:b420807776 "3"^^ . _:b420810177 . _:b420810069 . . _:b6610680 . _:b420810961 "2"^^ . _:b420807779 "3"^^ . _:b420810068 . _:b6610681 . . _:b420810960 "2"^^ . _:b420810726 . _:b420807509 . _:b420807778 "3"^^ . _:b420810071 . _:b6610682 . _:b420810963 "2"^^ . . _:b420807789 "3"^^ . _:b420810070 . _:b6610683 . _:b420810962 "2"^^ . _:b420807788 "3"^^ . _:b420811132 . _:b420810065 . _:b420810973 "2"^^ . . _:b420810064 . _:b420807791 "3"^^ . _:b420806868 . _:b420810972 "2"^^ . _:b420807790 "3"^^ . _:b420810067 . . _:b420810975 "2"^^ . . _:b420810066 . _:b420807785 "3"^^ . _:b420810974 "2"^^ . . _:b420807784 "3"^^ . _:b420810077 . . _:b420808281 . . . _:b420810969 "2"^^ . _:b420807787 "3"^^ . _:b420810988 . _:b420810076 . _:b420808722 . _:b420809667 . _:b420810968 "2"^^ . . _:b420810079 . _:b420807786 "3"^^ . _:b420810414 . _:b420810971 "2"^^ . . _:b420806297 . _:b420810078 . _:b420807797 "3"^^ . . . _:b420810970 "2"^^ . _:b420807796 "3"^^ . _:b420810073 . _:b420810981 "2"^^ . _:b420807799 "3"^^ . _:b420810072 . _:b420809180 . _:b420806713 . _:b420810980 "2"^^ . _:b420807798 "3"^^ . _:b420810075 . _:b420808918 . . _:b420808026 . _:b420810983 "2"^^ . _:b420810676 . _:b420807793 "3"^^ . _:b420810074 . . _:b420810982 "2"^^ . _:b420807792 "3"^^ . _:b420810227 . _:b420810085 . . _:b420810977 "2"^^ . _:b420807795 "3"^^ . _:b420810084 . _:b420806295 . . _:b420810976 "2"^^ . . _:b420807794 "3"^^ . _:b420810087 . _:b420810979 "2"^^ . _:b420807805 "3"^^ . _:b420810086 . _:b420810978 "2"^^ . . _:b420807804 "3"^^ . _:b420810081 . _:b420810989 "2"^^ . . _:b420810080 . _:b420807807 "3"^^ . _:b420806343 . _:b420807276 . _:b420810988 "2"^^ . . _:b420808013 . _:b420807806 "3"^^ . _:b420810083 . . _:b420810495 . _:b420809649 . _:b420810991 "2"^^ . . _:b420810082 . _:b420807801 "3"^^ . . _:b420810990 "2"^^ . _:b420807800 "3"^^ . _:b420811027 . _:b420810093 . _:b420809351 . _:b420806847 . _:b420810985 "2"^^ . . _:b420810092 . _:b420807803 "3"^^ . _:b420810984 "2"^^ . . _:b420810095 . _:b420808745 . _:b420807802 "3"^^ . _:b420810987 "2"^^ . . _:b420807813 "3"^^ . _:b420810094 . _:b420810986 "2"^^ . _:b420809387 . _:b420807812 "3"^^ . _:b420810089 . . _:b420810997 "2"^^ . _:b420807815 "3"^^ . _:b420810854 . _:b420810088 . _:b420810996 "2"^^ . _:b420807814 "3"^^ . _:b420810091 . . _:b420811013 . _:b420809166 . _:b420810999 "2"^^ . _:b420807809 "3"^^ . _:b420810348 . _:b420810090 . . _:b420811012 . _:b420806389 . _:b420810998 "2"^^ . _:b420807885 . . _:b420807808 "3"^^ . _:b420810101 . _:b420811015 . _:b420807112 . _:b420810993 "2"^^ . . _:b420810100 . _:b420807811 "3"^^ . _:b420811014 . _:b420810992 "2"^^ . _:b420807724 . _:b420807810 "3"^^ . _:b420810103 . _:b420811009 . _:b420810995 "2"^^ . _:b420807821 "3"^^ . _:b420810102 . _:b420806668 . _:b420811008 . _:b420809339 . _:b420806294 . _:b420810994 "2"^^ . _:b420807820 "3"^^ . _:b420810097 . _:b420806935 . _:b420811011 . _:b420811005 "2"^^ . _:b420807823 "3"^^ . _:b420810096 . _:b420811010 . _:b420807435 . _:b420811004 "2"^^ . . _:b420810099 . _:b420807822 "3"^^ . _:b420811021 . _:b420811007 "2"^^ . . _:b420807817 "3"^^ . _:b420810098 . _:b420809899 . _:b420811020 . _:b420808930 . _:b420811006 "2"^^ . _:b420807816 "3"^^ . _:b420810109 . . _:b420811023 . _:b420811001 "2"^^ . . _:b420809440 . _:b420806300 . _:b420810108 . _:b420807819 "3"^^ . _:b420807495 . _:b420806958 . _:b420811022 . _:b420811000 "2"^^ . . _:b420810111 . _:b420809682 . _:b420807818 "3"^^ . . _:b420811017 . _:b420809117 . _:b420811003 "2"^^ . . _:b420807829 "3"^^ . _:b420810110 . _:b420811016 . _:b420811002 "2"^^ . _:b420807828 "3"^^ . _:b420810105 . _:b420811019 . _:b420811013 "2"^^ . . _:b420807831 "3"^^ . _:b420810104 . . _:b420811018 . _:b420808136 . _:b420811012 "2"^^ . _:b420807830 "3"^^ . _:b420810107 . _:b420811029 . _:b420811015 "2"^^ . _:b6610658 "Because TGF-\u03B2 has been shown to be necessary for iT reg cell generation (Chen et al., 2003; Fantini et al., 2004; Marie et al., 2005; Pyzik and Piccirillo, >>2007<<), we questioned whether PD-L1 alone could drive iT reg cell development and override the need for TGF-\u03B2." . . _:b420810106 . _:b420807825 "3"^^ . . _:b420811028 . _:b420811014 "2"^^ . _:b420807824 "3"^^ . _:b420810117 . _:b420811031 . _:b420807785 . _:b420811009 "2"^^ . . _:b420807827 "3"^^ . _:b420810116 . _:b420811030 . _:b420811008 "2"^^ . . _:b420807826 "3"^^ . _:b420810119 . _:b420811025 . _:b420811011 "2"^^ . _:b420807837 "3"^^ . _:b420810118 . _:b420811024 . _:b420808331 . _:b420811010 "2"^^ . . . _:b420806480 . . _:b420810113 . _:b420807836 "3"^^ . _:b420811027 . _:b420811021 "2"^^ . _:b420807839 "3"^^ . _:b420810112 . _:b420811026 . _:b420808249 . _:b420811020 "2"^^ . . _:b420807838 "3"^^ . _:b420810115 . _:b420811037 . . _:b420811023 "2"^^ . . _:b420810114 . _:b420807833 "3"^^ . . _:b420811036 . _:b420811022 "2"^^ . . _:b420807832 "3"^^ . _:b420810125 . _:b420811039 . _:b420811017 "2"^^ . . _:b420807835 "3"^^ . _:b420810124 . _:b420810788 . _:b420811038 . _:b420811016 "2"^^ . _:b420810331 . _:b420807834 "3"^^ . _:b420810127 . _:b420811033 . _:b420811019 "2"^^ . . _:b420810126 . _:b420807845 "3"^^ . _:b420808764 . _:b420811032 . _:b420811018 "2"^^ . _:b420807844 "3"^^ . _:b420810121 . _:b420811035 . _:b420811029 "2"^^ . _:b420807847 "3"^^ . _:b420810120 . _:b420811034 . _:b420811028 "2"^^ . _:b420807846 "3"^^ . _:b420810123 . _:b420811045 . _:b420811031 "2"^^ . . _:b420807841 "3"^^ . _:b420811053 . _:b420810122 . _:b420811044 . _:b420811030 "2"^^ . . _:b420807840 "3"^^ . _:b420810133 . _:b420811047 . _:b420811025 "2"^^ . _:b420809721 . _:b420807843 "3"^^ . _:b420810132 . _:b420811046 . _:b420810392 . _:b420811024 "2"^^ . _:b420807842 "3"^^ . _:b420810135 . _:b420811041 . _:b420811027 "2"^^ . . _:b420810134 . _:b420807853 "3"^^ . _:b420807719 . _:b420811040 . . _:b420811026 "2"^^ . _:b420807852 "3"^^ . _:b420810129 . _:b420809207 . _:b420811043 . _:b6610671 "Down-regulation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade has also been implicated in TGF-\u03B2\u2013mediated T reg cell development (Luo et al., >>2008<<). We questioned whether PD-L1 might regulate T reg cell differentiation by modulating the MAP kinase pathway." . _:b420808728 . _:b420811037 "2"^^ . _:b420807855 "3"^^ . _:b420810128 . _:b420811042 . _:b420811036 "2"^^ . _:b420807854 "3"^^ . _:b420810131 . _:b420809023 . _:b420811053 . _:b420811039 "2"^^ . _:b420807849 "3"^^ . _:b420810130 . _:b420811052 . _:b420811038 "2"^^ . _:b420807457 . . _:b420810141 . _:b420807848 "3"^^ . . . _:b420811055 . . _:b420811033 "2"^^ . _:b420809490 . . _:b420807851 "3"^^ . _:b420810140 . _:b420806966 . _:b420811054 . _:b420811032 "2"^^ . _:b420807850 "3"^^ . _:b420810143 . . _:b420811049 . . _:b420811035 "2"^^ . _:b420809728 . _:b420807861 "3"^^ . _:b420810142 . _:b420809463 . _:b420811048 . _:b420811034 "2"^^ . _:b420807860 "3"^^ . _:b420810137 . _:b420808630 . _:b420811051 . _:b420811045 "2"^^ . _:b420807863 "3"^^ . _:b420810136 . _:b420811050 . _:b420811044 "2"^^ . _:b420807862 "3"^^ . _:b420810139 . _:b420811061 . _:b420808564 . _:b420811047 "2"^^ . _:b420807857 "3"^^ . _:b420810138 . _:b420811060 . _:b420810192 . _:b420811046 "2"^^ . _:b420807856 "3"^^ . _:b420810149 . _:b420811063 . _:b420809610 . _:b420811041 "2"^^ . _:b420807784 . _:b420810148 . _:b420807859 "3"^^ . _:b420811062 . _:b420811040 "2"^^ . . _:b420811105 . . _:b420810151 . _:b420807858 "3"^^ . _:b420809236 . _:b420811057 . _:b420811043 "2"^^ . . _:b420810570 . _:b420810344 . _:b420810150 . _:b420807869 "3"^^ . _:b420811056 . . _:b420811042 "2"^^ . _:b420808386 . _:b420807868 "3"^^ . _:b420810145 . _:b420811059 . _:b420810391 . _:b420811053 "2"^^ . _:b420807871 "3"^^ . _:b420810144 . _:b420807923 . _:b420811058 . _:b420811052 "2"^^ . _:b420807870 "3"^^ . _:b420810147 . _:b420811069 . . _:b420811055 "2"^^ . _:b420807608 . _:b420807865 "3"^^ . _:b420810146 . _:b420811068 . . _:b420811054 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810157 . _:b420807864 "3"^^ . . _:b420811071 . . _:b420811049 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807867 "3"^^ . _:b420810156 . . _:b420811070 . _:b420807237 . _:b420811048 "2"^^ . _:b420809717 . "PMC0" . _:b420810159 . _:b420807866 "3"^^ . _:b420811065 . _:b420807777 . _:b420811051 "2"^^ . _:b420807877 "3"^^ . _:b420810158 . . _:b420811064 . _:b420811050 "2"^^ . _:b420807876 "3"^^ . _:b420810153 . . _:b420811067 . _:b420807214 . _:b420811061 "2"^^ . . _:b420810152 . _:b420807879 "3"^^ . _:b420811066 . _:b420811060 "2"^^ . . _:b420807878 "3"^^ . _:b420810155 . _:b420811077 . _:b420811063 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807873 "3"^^ . _:b420810154 . . _:b420811076 . . _:b420811062 "2"^^ . . _:b420807872 "3"^^ . _:b420810165 . _:b420811079 . _:b420808098 . _:b420811057 "2"^^ . . _:b420810164 . _:b420807875 "3"^^ . _:b420811078 . _:b420811056 "2"^^ . _:b420808319 . _:b420809102 . _:b420807874 "3"^^ . _:b420810167 . _:b420811073 . . _:b420811059 "2"^^ . _:b420807540 . _:b420807885 "3"^^ . _:b420810166 . _:b420811072 . _:b420811058 "2"^^ . _:b420807884 "3"^^ . _:b420810161 . _:b420811075 . _:b420811069 "2"^^ . _:b420807887 "3"^^ . _:b420810160 . _:b420811074 . _:b420806559 . _:b420811068 "2"^^ . . _:b420810163 . _:b420807886 "3"^^ . . _:b420811085 . _:b420810212 . _:b420811071 "2"^^ . _:b420807881 "3"^^ . _:b420810162 . _:b420811084 . _:b420811070 "2"^^ . . _:b420810173 . _:b420807880 "3"^^ . _:b420811087 . _:b420811065 "2"^^ . _:b420807883 "3"^^ . _:b420810172 . _:b420811086 . . _:b420811064 "2"^^ . . _:b420807882 "3"^^ . _:b420810175 . _:b420811081 . . _:b420811067 "2"^^ . _:b420807604 . _:b420807893 "3"^^ . _:b420810174 . _:b420809609 . . _:b420811080 . _:b420806510 . _:b420811066 "2"^^ . . _:b420810169 . _:b420807892 "3"^^ . _:b420811083 . . _:b420811077 "2"^^ . _:b420807895 "3"^^ . _:b420810168 . _:b420809639 . _:b420811082 . _:b420811076 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807894 "3"^^ . _:b420810171 . _:b420811093 . . _:b420811079 "2"^^ . _:b420807889 "3"^^ . _:b420810170 . _:b420811092 . . _:b420811078 "2"^^ . . _:b420810181 . _:b420807888 "3"^^ . _:b420806903 . _:b420811095 . _:b420811073 "2"^^ . . _:b420807891 "3"^^ . _:b420810180 . _:b420810166 . _:b420809580 . _:b420811094 . . _:b420811072 "2"^^ . . _:b420807890 "3"^^ . _:b420810183 . _:b420811089 . . _:b420811075 "2"^^ . _:b420807901 "3"^^ . _:b420810182 . _:b420811088 . _:b420811074 "2"^^ . . _:b420806708 . _:b420810177 . _:b420807900 "3"^^ . _:b420811091 . _:b420811085 "2"^^ . _:b420807903 "3"^^ . _:b420810176 . _:b420808752 . _:b420811090 . _:b420807528 . _:b420811084 "2"^^ . _:b420807902 "3"^^ . _:b420810179 . _:b420811101 . _:b420811087 "2"^^ . _:b420807897 "3"^^ . _:b420810178 . _:b420811100 . _:b420811086 "2"^^ . . _:b420810189 . _:b420807896 "3"^^ . . _:b420811103 . _:b420811081 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810188 . _:b420807899 "3"^^ . . _:b420811102 . . _:b420811080 "2"^^ . . _:b420807510 . _:b420809562 . _:b420808856 . . _:b420810191 . _:b420807898 "3"^^ . _:b420807937 . _:b420811097 . . _:b420811209 . _:b420811083 "2"^^ . . . . _:b420810190 . _:b420807909 "3"^^ . . . _:b420811096 . . _:b420808191 . _:b420811082 "2"^^ . . _:b420808940 . . _:b420810185 . _:b420807908 "3"^^ . . _:b420811099 . _:b420806839 . _:b420811093 "2"^^ . _:b420810400 . _:b420807911 "3"^^ . _:b420810184 . _:b420808167 . _:b420808089 . _:b420811098 . . _:b420811092 "2"^^ . . . . . _:b420810187 . _:b420807910 "3"^^ . _:b420811109 . _:b420811095 "2"^^ . _:b420807905 "3"^^ . _:b420810663 . _:b420810186 . _:b420807454 . _:b420811108 . _:b420811094 "2"^^ . . _:b420810197 . _:b420808873 . _:b420807904 "3"^^ . _:b420807397 . _:b420811111 . _:b420809431 . _:b420811089 "2"^^ . . _:b420807907 "3"^^ . _:b420810196 . _:b420811110 . _:b420811088 "2"^^ . _:b420807906 "3"^^ . _:b420810199 . _:b420811105 . _:b420811091 "2"^^ . . _:b420807917 "3"^^ . _:b420811130 . _:b420810198 . _:b420811104 . _:b420811090 "2"^^ . _:b420807916 "3"^^ . _:b420810193 . _:b420810738 . _:b420811107 . . _:b420811101 "2"^^ . _:b420807919 "3"^^ . _:b420810192 . _:b420811106 . _:b420811100 "2"^^ . _:b420807725 . _:b420807918 "3"^^ . _:b420810195 . _:b420811117 . _:b420811103 "2"^^ . _:b420807913 "3"^^ . _:b420810194 . . _:b420811192 . _:b420811116 . _:b420811102 "2"^^ . _:b420807912 "3"^^ . _:b420810205 . . _:b420811119 . . _:b420811097 "2"^^ . _:b420810587 . _:b420807915 "3"^^ . _:b420810204 . _:b420811118 . _:b420811096 "2"^^ . _:b420807914 "3"^^ . _:b420810207 . . _:b420811113 . . _:b420807063 . _:b420811099 "2"^^ . _:b420810711 . _:b420807925 "3"^^ . _:b420810206 . _:b420811112 . _:b420811098 "2"^^ . _:b420807924 "3"^^ . _:b420810201 . . _:b420811115 . . _:b420811109 "2"^^ . _:b420807927 "3"^^ . _:b420810289 . _:b420810200 . _:b420811114 . _:b420811108 "2"^^ . _:b420807926 "3"^^ . _:b420810203 . _:b420811125 . _:b420806837 . _:b420811111 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807921 "3"^^ . _:b420810202 . _:b420811124 . _:b420811110 "2"^^ . _:b420807920 "3"^^ . _:b420810213 . _:b420811127 . _:b420811105 "2"^^ . "10.1084%2Fjem.20090847" . _:b420807923 "3"^^ . _:b420810212 . _:b420811126 . _:b420811104 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810215 . _:b420807922 "3"^^ . . _:b420811121 . _:b420808156 . _:b420811107 "2"^^ . _:b420808170 . _:b420807933 "3"^^ . _:b420810214 . _:b420811120 . _:b420811106 "2"^^ . _:b420807932 "3"^^ . _:b420810209 . _:b420811123 . _:b420809540 . _:b420811117 "2"^^ . . _:b420810208 . _:b420807935 "3"^^ . _:b420811122 . _:b420811116 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810211 . _:b420807934 "3"^^ . _:b420811133 . _:b420811119 "2"^^ . . _:b420807929 "3"^^ . _:b420810210 . _:b420810086 . _:b420809287 . _:b420811132 . _:b420806759 . _:b420811118 "2"^^ . _:b420811111 . _:b420807928 "3"^^ . _:b420810221 . _:b420810216 . _:b420811135 . _:b420809828 . _:b420811113 "2"^^ . . _:b420810220 . _:b420807931 "3"^^ . . _:b420811207 . _:b420811134 . _:b420811112 "2"^^ . _:b420807930 "3"^^ . _:b420810223 . _:b420811129 . . _:b420811115 "2"^^ . _:b420808437 . . _:b420807941 "3"^^ . _:b420810222 . . _:b420811128 . _:b420811114 "2"^^ . . _:b420807940 "3"^^ . _:b420810217 . _:b420811131 . _:b420811125 "2"^^ . _:b420807943 "3"^^ . _:b420810216 . _:b420811130 . _:b420811124 "2"^^ . _:b420807942 "3"^^ . _:b420810219 . . _:b420811141 . _:b420811127 "2"^^ . _:b420810465 . _:b420807937 "3"^^ . _:b420810324 . _:b420810218 . _:b420811140 . . _:b420811126 "2"^^ . . _:b420807936 "3"^^ . _:b420810229 . . _:b420811143 . _:b420811121 "2"^^ . _:b420807939 "3"^^ . _:b420810228 . _:b420808830 . _:b420811142 . _:b420811120 "2"^^ . . _:b420807938 "3"^^ . _:b420810231 . . _:b420811137 . _:b420811123 "2"^^ . . _:b420807949 "3"^^ . _:b420810230 . _:b420810472 . _:b420811136 . . _:b420811122 "2"^^ . _:b420807948 "3"^^ . _:b420810225 . . _:b420811139 . _:b420806930 . _:b420811133 "2"^^ . _:b420807951 "3"^^ . _:b420810224 . _:b420807967 . _:b420810785 . _:b420811138 . _:b420811132 "2"^^ . _:b420807950 "3"^^ . _:b420810227 . _:b420811149 . _:b420811135 "2"^^ . _:b420808106 . _:b420807945 "3"^^ . _:b420810226 . _:b420811148 . _:b420811134 "2"^^ . _:b420807683 . _:b420806787 . _:b420810237 . _:b420807944 "3"^^ . _:b420806434 . _:b420811151 . . _:b420811129 "2"^^ . _:b420807947 "3"^^ . _:b420810236 . _:b420811150 . _:b420811128 "2"^^ . . _:b420810239 . _:b420807946 "3"^^ . _:b420807208 . _:b420811145 . _:b420809968 . _:b420811131 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807957 "3"^^ . _:b420810238 . _:b420811144 . _:b420811130 "2"^^ . _:b420810534 . _:b420807956 "3"^^ . _:b420810233 . _:b420807386 . _:b420811147 . _:b420811141 "2"^^ . _:b420807959 "3"^^ . _:b420810232 . _:b420810958 . _:b420811146 . . _:b420811140 "2"^^ . _:b420806399 . _:b420810156 . . _:b420810235 . _:b420807958 "3"^^ . _:b420811157 . _:b420811143 "2"^^ . . _:b420807953 "3"^^ . _:b420810234 . . _:b420811156 . _:b420811142 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807952 "3"^^ . _:b420809733 . _:b420811159 . _:b6610709 "PD-L1 can induce and maintain the expression of Foxp3 in iT reg cells, suggesting that PD-L1 may function to stabilize and sustain T reg cell function in the periphery, similar to effects reported for TGF-\u03B2 (Marie et al., >>2005<<; Pyzik and Piccirillo, 2007)." . . _:b420811137 "2"^^ . . _:b420809732 . _:b420807955 "3"^^ . . _:b420810505 . _:b420811158 . _:b420811136 "2"^^ . _:b420807954 "3"^^ . _:b420809735 . _:b420811153 . _:b420807286 . _:b420811139 "2"^^ . _:b420809452 . _:b420807965 "3"^^ . _:b420809734 . . _:b420811152 . _:b420811138 "2"^^ . _:b420807964 "3"^^ . _:b420809729 . _:b420810837 . _:b420811155 . _:b420810951 . _:b420811149 "2"^^ . _:b420810322 . _:b420807967 "3"^^ . _:b420809728 . _:b420811154 . _:b420811148 "2"^^ . . _:b420809731 . _:b420808750 . _:b420807966 "3"^^ . . _:b420811165 . _:b420811151 "2"^^ . _:b420808253 . _:b420808296 . . _:b420809730 . _:b420807961 "3"^^ . _:b420811164 . . _:b420811150 "2"^^ . . _:b420807960 "3"^^ . _:b420809741 . _:b420811167 . _:b420811145 "2"^^ . _:b420807963 "3"^^ . _:b420809740 . _:b420808472 . _:b420811166 . _:b420811144 "2"^^ . _:b420808652 . _:b420807962 "3"^^ . _:b420809743 . _:b420811161 . . _:b420811147 "2"^^ . _:b420807973 "3"^^ . _:b420811077 . _:b420809742 . _:b420806621 . _:b420811160 . . _:b420811146 "2"^^ . _:b420807972 "3"^^ . _:b420809737 . _:b420807045 . _:b420811163 . _:b420809061 . . _:b420811157 "2"^^ . _:b420809177 . . . . _:b420809736 . _:b420807975 "3"^^ . _:b420811162 . . _:b420811156 "2"^^ . . _:b420807974 "3"^^ . _:b420809739 . _:b420811173 . _:b420811159 "2"^^ . _:b420807969 "3"^^ . _:b420809738 . _:b420811172 . _:b420811158 "2"^^ . _:b420807968 "3"^^ . _:b420809749 . _:b420811175 . _:b420811153 "2"^^ . _:b420807188 . _:b420809748 . _:b420807971 "3"^^ . . _:b420811174 . _:b420811152 "2"^^ . . _:b420809751 . _:b420807970 "3"^^ . _:b420811169 . _:b420811155 "2"^^ . . _:b420807663 . . _:b420810137 . _:b420809750 . _:b420807981 "3"^^ . _:b420807082 . _:b420811168 . _:b420806570 . _:b420811154 "2"^^ . _:b420807980 "3"^^ . _:b420809745 . . _:b420811171 . . _:b420811165 "2"^^ . . _:b420809744 . _:b420807983 "3"^^ . _:b420811170 . . _:b420811164 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807982 "3"^^ . _:b420809747 . _:b420811181 . _:b420811167 "2"^^ . _:b420807977 "3"^^ . _:b420809746 . _:b420811180 . _:b420811166 "2"^^ . . _:b420807976 "3"^^ . _:b420809757 . . _:b420811183 . _:b420806464 . _:b420811161 "2"^^ . _:b420807979 "3"^^ . _:b420809756 . _:b420807808 . _:b420811182 . _:b420811160 "2"^^ . _:b420807978 "3"^^ . _:b420809759 . _:b420811177 . _:b420810729 . _:b420811163 "2"^^ . . . _:b420809758 . _:b420807989 "3"^^ . _:b420811176 . _:b420811135 . _:b420811162 "2"^^ . . _:b420810912 . _:b420807988 "3"^^ . _:b420809753 . _:b420811179 . _:b420811173 "2"^^ . _:b420807991 "3"^^ . _:b420809752 . _:b420811178 . _:b420808757 . _:b420811172 "2"^^ . _:b420807990 "3"^^ . _:b420811170 . _:b420809755 . _:b420811189 . _:b420811175 "2"^^ . . _:b420806705 . _:b420809754 . _:b420807985 "3"^^ . . _:b420811188 . . . _:b420811174 "2"^^ . . _:b420809765 . _:b420807984 "3"^^ . _:b420811191 . _:b6610659 "Recent studies indicate that continued Foxp3 expression is necessary for sustaining T reg cell function (Kim et al., >>2007<<; Williams and Rudensky, 2007)." . _:b420811169 "2"^^ . . _:b420809764 . _:b420807987 "3"^^ . _:b420811190 . _:b420808786 . _:b420811168 "2"^^ . _:b420807986 "3"^^ . _:b420809767 . _:b420811185 . _:b420810002 . _:b420811171 "2"^^ . . _:b420807444 . _:b420807997 "3"^^ . _:b420809766 . _:b420807493 . _:b420811184 . _:b420811170 "2"^^ . _:b420811177 . _:b420807996 "3"^^ . _:b420809761 . _:b420811187 . _:b420811181 "2"^^ . . _:b420808755 . _:b420807999 "3"^^ . _:b420809760 . _:b420811186 . _:b420811180 "2"^^ . . _:b420809763 . _:b420807998 "3"^^ . _:b420807536 . _:b420811197 . _:b420811183 "2"^^ . _:b420807993 "3"^^ . _:b420809762 . _:b420811196 . _:b420811182 "2"^^ . . _:b420809773 . _:b420807992 "3"^^ . . _:b420811199 . . _:b420811177 "2"^^ . _:b420807995 "3"^^ . _:b420809772 . _:b420811198 . _:b420811176 "2"^^ . . _:b420809775 . _:b420807994 "3"^^ . _:b420807118 . _:b420811193 . _:b420811179 "2"^^ . _:b420808005 "3"^^ . _:b420809774 . 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_:b420811213 . _:b420811199 "2"^^ . _:b420808544 . _:b420808009 "3"^^ . _:b420809778 . _:b420811212 . _:b420811198 "2"^^ . . _:b420808008 "3"^^ . _:b420809789 . _:b420811215 . _:b420811193 "2"^^ . _:b420808011 "3"^^ . _:b420809788 . _:b420807334 . _:b420811214 . _:b420811192 "2"^^ . . _:b420809791 . _:b420808010 "3"^^ . _:b420811209 . _:b420811195 "2"^^ . . _:b420807411 . . _:b420808021 "3"^^ . _:b420809790 . _:b420811208 . _:b420811194 "2"^^ . . _:b420808020 "3"^^ . _:b420809785 . _:b420811211 . _:b420811205 "2"^^ . . _:b420808023 "3"^^ . _:b420809784 . _:b420811210 . _:b420811204 "2"^^ . _:b420808022 "3"^^ . _:b420809787 . . _:b420811207 "2"^^ . . _:b420809786 . _:b420808017 "3"^^ . . _:b420811206 "2"^^ . _:b420808016 "3"^^ . _:b420809797 . . . _:b420811201 "2"^^ . _:b420808000 . _:b420808506 . . _:b420809796 . _:b420808019 "3"^^ . _:b420806693 . . _:b420811200 "2"^^ . . _:b420808018 "3"^^ . _:b420809799 . _:b420811217 . _:b420811203 "2"^^ . . . _:b420809798 . _:b420808029 "3"^^ . _:b420811216 . _:b420811202 "2"^^ . _:b420808028 "3"^^ . _:b420809793 . . _:b420811213 "2"^^ . _:b420810248 . _:b420808031 "3"^^ . _:b420809792 . _:b420811212 "2"^^ . _:b420808030 "3"^^ . _:b420809795 . _:b420809512 . _:b420811215 "2"^^ . _:b420807097 . _:b420807298 . _:b420808025 "3"^^ . _:b420809794 . _:b420806845 . _:b420811214 "2"^^ . . _:b420809805 . _:b420808024 "3"^^ . . _:b420811209 "2"^^ . . _:b420808027 "3"^^ . _:b420809804 . . _:b420811208 "2"^^ . _:b420808026 "3"^^ . _:b420809807 . . _:b420811211 "2"^^ . _:b420808037 "3"^^ . _:b420809806 . _:b420811210 "2"^^ . _:b420808036 "3"^^ . _:b420809801 . _:b420807137 . . _:b420810026 . _:b420808039 "3"^^ . _:b420809800 . _:b420808038 "3"^^ . _:b420809803 . _:b420809044 . . . _:b420808033 "3"^^ . _:b420809802 . . _:b420808032 "3"^^ . _:b420809813 . _:b420811217 "2"^^ . _:b420808035 "3"^^ . _:b420809812 . _:b420810255 . _:b420811175 . _:b420811216 "2"^^ . . _:b420808034 "3"^^ . _:b420809815 . _:b420808045 "3"^^ . _:b420809814 . . . . _:b420808044 "3"^^ . _:b420809809 . . _:b420809808 . _:b420808047 "3"^^ . _:b420810616 . _:b420808046 "3"^^ . _:b420809811 . _:b420808444 . . . _:b420809810 . _:b420809090 . _:b420808041 "3"^^ . _:b420808971 . _:b420807155 . _:b420809470 . _:b420808040 "3"^^ . _:b420809821 . . . . _:b420807775 . _:b420809820 . _:b420808043 "3"^^ . . _:b420808042 "3"^^ . _:b420809823 . _:b420806498 . _:b420809822 . _:b420808053 "3"^^ . . _:b6610676 . _:b420808052 "3"^^ . _:b420809817 . . _:b420809816 . _:b420808993 . _:b420808055 "3"^^ . . . _:b420807942 . . _:b420809819 . _:b420808054 "3"^^ . . _:b420808049 "3"^^ . _:b420809818 . _:b420808841 . _:b420808048 "3"^^ . _:b420809829 . _:b420808224 . . _:b420808051 "3"^^ . _:b420809828 . _:b420810225 . . _:b420808050 "3"^^ . _:b420809831 . . _:b420806591 . . _:b420808819 . _:b420808061 "3"^^ . _:b420809830 . . . . _:b420809825 . _:b420808060 "3"^^ . _:b420807566 . . . _:b420809824 . _:b420808063 "3"^^ . . _:b420809318 . . _:b420808062 "3"^^ . _:b420809827 . _:b420808057 "3"^^ . _:b420809826 . _:b420808056 "3"^^ . _:b420809837 . _:b420807346 . _:b420811198 . _:b420808059 "3"^^ . _:b420809836 . . . _:b420807469 . _:b420808058 "3"^^ . _:b420809839 . . . _:b420808069 "3"^^ . _:b420809838 . _:b420808835 . . _:b420809833 . _:b420808068 "3"^^ . _:b420808071 "3"^^ . _:b420809832 . . _:b420808663 . _:b420808070 "3"^^ . _:b420809835 . _:b420810757 . . _:b420808065 "3"^^ . _:b420809834 . _:b420809793 . _:b420810756 . . . _:b420809845 . _:b420808064 "3"^^ . . . _:b420810759 . _:b420808067 "3"^^ . _:b420809844 . _:b420810758 . _:b420808174 . _:b420809852 . . _:b420809847 . _:b420808066 "3"^^ . _:b420810753 . . . _:b420809846 . _:b420808077 "3"^^ . _:b420810752 . _:b420806943 . . _:b420809841 . _:b420808076 "3"^^ . _:b420810755 . _:b420808079 "3"^^ . _:b420809840 . _:b420809147 . _:b420810754 . _:b420806526 . _:b420809843 . _:b420808078 "3"^^ . _:b420810765 . _:b420808073 "3"^^ . _:b420809842 . _:b420810764 . . _:b420808072 "3"^^ . _:b420809853 . _:b420808500 . _:b420810767 . _:b420811070 . _:b420808295 . _:b420808075 "3"^^ . _:b420809852 . _:b420809309 . _:b420810766 . _:b420810176 . _:b420808855 . _:b420808074 "3"^^ . _:b420809855 . _:b420810761 . . _:b420808085 "3"^^ . _:b420809854 . _:b420810760 . _:b420806305 . _:b420809849 . _:b420808084 "3"^^ . _:b420810305 . _:b420810857 . _:b420810763 . . _:b420808087 "3"^^ . _:b420809848 . _:b420810762 . _:b420808086 "3"^^ . _:b420809851 . _:b420810773 . _:b420808081 "3"^^ . _:b420809850 . _:b420810772 . _:b420810681 . _:b420808080 "3"^^ . _:b420809861 . . _:b420810775 . _:b420809727 . _:b420808083 "3"^^ . _:b420809860 . _:b420810774 . . _:b420809863 . _:b420808082 "3"^^ . _:b420810769 . _:b420808093 "3"^^ . _:b420809862 . . _:b420810768 . _:b420808880 . _:b420810610 . _:b420808092 "3"^^ . _:b420809857 . _:b420810771 . . . _:b420809856 . _:b420808095 "3"^^ . _:b420810770 . _:b420808094 "3"^^ . _:b420809859 . _:b420810781 . _:b420808967 . . _:b420809858 . _:b420808089 "3"^^ . _:b420810780 . . _:b420808088 "3"^^ . _:b420810921 . _:b420809869 . _:b420810783 . _:b420810602 . _:b420809736 . _:b420808091 "3"^^ . _:b420809868 . _:b420810782 . . . _:b420809871 . _:b420808090 "3"^^ . _:b420810777 . _:b420807596 . _:b420808101 "3"^^ . _:b420809870 . . _:b420810776 . _:b420808100 "3"^^ . _:b420809865 . _:b420810779 . _:b420808103 "3"^^ . _:b420809864 . _:b420808462 . _:b420810778 . _:b420809335 . _:b420807451 . _:b420808102 "3"^^ . _:b420809867 . _:b420810789 . _:b420808097 "3"^^ . _:b420809866 . _:b420810788 . _:b420808096 "3"^^ . _:b420809877 . _:b420810791 . . _:b420809876 . _:b420808099 "3"^^ . _:b420810790 . _:b420808942 . . _:b420809879 . _:b420808098 "3"^^ . _:b420809555 . _:b420810785 . _:b420808109 "3"^^ . _:b420809878 . _:b420810784 . _:b420808108 "3"^^ . _:b420809873 . _:b420810066 . _:b420810787 . . _:b420810377 . _:b420808111 "3"^^ . _:b420809872 . _:b420809750 . _:b420810786 . . _:b420808110 "3"^^ . _:b420809875 . . _:b420810797 . . _:b420809874 . _:b420808105 "3"^^ . _:b420810796 . _:b420808104 "3"^^ . _:b420809885 . _:b420810799 . _:b420808107 "3"^^ . _:b420809884 . . _:b420810798 . . _:b420808106 "3"^^ . _:b420809887 . _:b420810793 . _:b420808117 "3"^^ . _:b420809886 . _:b420810792 . _:b420808116 "3"^^ . _:b420809881 . _:b420810795 . . _:b420808144 . _:b420809966 . . _:b420809880 . _:b420808119 "3"^^ . _:b420810794 . . _:b420807711 . _:b420809883 . _:b420808118 "3"^^ . . _:b420810805 . . _:b420809882 . _:b420808113 "3"^^ . _:b420810804 . . . _:b420808112 "3"^^ . _:b420809893 . _:b420810807 . _:b420808115 "3"^^ . _:b420809892 . _:b420810806 . _:b420808114 "3"^^ . _:b420809895 . _:b420809011 . _:b420810801 . _:b420807633 . _:b420807715 . _:b420808125 "3"^^ . _:b420809894 . _:b420810800 . _:b420807667 . _:b420809889 . _:b420808124 "3"^^ . _:b420809110 . _:b420810803 . . . _:b420808127 "3"^^ . _:b420809888 . _:b420809298 . _:b420810802 . _:b420808126 "3"^^ . _:b420809891 . _:b420808172 . _:b420810813 . _:b420810832 . . _:b420808121 "3"^^ . _:b420809890 . . _:b420810812 . _:b6610706 "a distinct genetic signature to T reg cells, Foxp3 conveys regulatory activity to nT reg cells, iT reg cells, and, upon ectopic expression, in conventional T cells (Schubert et al., 2001; Fontenot et al. 2003, 2005; Hori et al., >>2003<<; Gavin et al., 2007; Hill et al., 2007)." . _:b420808120 "3"^^ . _:b420809901 . _:b420807699 . _:b420810815 . _:b420806504 . . _:b420809900 . _:b420808123 "3"^^ . . _:b420810814 . _:b420808122 "3"^^ . _:b420809903 . _:b420810809 . _:b420808894 . _:b420809912 . _:b420808133 "3"^^ . _:b420809902 . _:b420810808 . . _:b420807860 . . _:b420809897 . _:b420808132 "3"^^ . _:b420806834 . _:b420810811 . _:b420807154 . _:b420808135 "3"^^ . _:b420809896 . _:b420810810 . . _:b420806761 . _:b420809899 . _:b420808134 "3"^^ . . _:b420810821 . . . _:b420809898 . _:b420808129 "3"^^ . _:b420810820 . . . _:b420808128 "3"^^ . _:b420809909 . . _:b420810823 . _:b420808038 . _:b420808131 "3"^^ . _:b420809908 . _:b420810822 . . _:b420809911 . _:b420808130 "3"^^ . _:b420810817 . _:b420810451 . _:b420808141 "3"^^ . _:b420809910 . _:b420810816 . _:b420807436 . _:b420809905 . _:b420808140 "3"^^ . . _:b420810819 . _:b420808143 "3"^^ . _:b420809904 . _:b420807385 . _:b420810818 . _:b420810306 . _:b420807422 . _:b420808142 "3"^^ . _:b420809907 . _:b420810829 . . _:b420809906 . _:b420808137 "3"^^ . . _:b420808847 . _:b420810828 . . . _:b420808136 "3"^^ . _:b420809917 . _:b420809032 . _:b420810831 . . _:b420809916 . _:b420808139 "3"^^ . _:b420810830 . _:b420811096 . _:b420808138 "3"^^ . _:b420809919 . _:b420809503 . _:b420807445 . _:b420810825 . _:b420808470 . . _:b420809918 . _:b420808149 "3"^^ . _:b420810824 . _:b420808148 "3"^^ . _:b420809913 . . _:b420810827 . . _:b420809912 . _:b420808151 "3"^^ . _:b420810826 . _:b420807177 . _:b420808150 "3"^^ . _:b420809915 . _:b420810837 . . _:b420806942 . . _:b420806928 . . _:b420808145 "3"^^ . _:b420809914 . _:b420810836 . _:b420808144 "3"^^ . _:b420810916 . _:b420809925 . _:b420810839 . _:b420806932 . _:b420806582 . _:b420809924 . _:b420808147 "3"^^ . . _:b420810838 . . . _:b420809927 . _:b420808146 "3"^^ . _:b420810833 . _:b420808157 "3"^^ . _:b420810461 . _:b420809926 . _:b420810832 . _:b420810877 . _:b420808156 "3"^^ . _:b420809921 . _:b420810835 . . _:b420808159 "3"^^ . _:b420809920 . _:b420810834 . _:b420808158 "3"^^ . _:b420809923 . . _:b420810845 . _:b420808153 "3"^^ . _:b420809922 . _:b420810844 . _:b420810955 . . _:b420809933 . _:b420808152 "3"^^ . . _:b420810847 . _:b420807945 . _:b420808155 "3"^^ . _:b420809932 . _:b420810846 . _:b420810112 . _:b420808154 "3"^^ . _:b420809935 . _:b420810841 . . . _:b420808165 "3"^^ . _:b420809934 . _:b420810840 . _:b420807130 . _:b420809929 . _:b420808164 "3"^^ . _:b420810843 . _:b420807111 . . _:b420807766 . _:b420807826 . _:b420809928 . _:b420808167 "3"^^ . . _:b420810842 . . _:b420809947 . . . _:b420808166 "3"^^ . _:b420809931 . . _:b420810853 . _:b420811131 . _:b420808161 "3"^^ . _:b420809930 . _:b420807486 . _:b420810852 . _:b420808160 "3"^^ . _:b420809941 . _:b420806975 . _:b420810855 . _:b420808163 "3"^^ . _:b420809940 . _:b420810854 . _:b420808162 "3"^^ . _:b420809943 . _:b420810849 . . . _:b420807840 . _:b420809942 . _:b420808173 "3"^^ . . _:b420810848 . _:b420810006 . . _:b420809670 . _:b420808321 . _:b420810576 . _:b420807093 . _:b420809937 . _:b420808172 "3"^^ . _:b420810851 . . _:b420808175 "3"^^ . _:b420809936 . _:b420810850 . . _:b6610704 "Along with contributing a distinct genetic signature to T reg cells, Foxp3 conveys regulatory activity to nT reg cells, iT reg cells, and, upon ectopic expression, in conventional T cells (Schubert et al., 2001; Fontenot et al. >>2003<<, 2005; Hori et al., 2003; Gavin et al., 2007; Hill et al., 2007)." . _:b420808174 "3"^^ . _:b420809939 . _:b420810861 . _:b420808169 "3"^^ . _:b420809938 . _:b420810860 . _:b420808168 "3"^^ . _:b420809949 . _:b420810863 . _:b420808171 "3"^^ . _:b420809948 . _:b420810862 . _:b420810477 . . . _:b420809951 . _:b420808170 "3"^^ . _:b420810857 . _:b420806855 . . _:b420808181 "3"^^ . _:b420809950 . _:b420810856 . _:b420808180 "3"^^ . _:b420809945 . _:b420810859 . _:b420807264 . _:b420808183 "3"^^ . _:b420809944 . _:b420810858 . _:b420808182 "3"^^ . _:b420809947 . _:b420809533 . . _:b420810869 . . . . _:b420809946 . _:b420808177 "3"^^ . . _:b420810868 . . _:b420807668 . . . _:b420808176 "3"^^ . _:b420809957 . _:b420810871 . _:b420808179 "3"^^ . _:b420810313 . _:b420809956 . _:b420810870 . . _:b420808178 "3"^^ . _:b420809959 . _:b420810865 . _:b6610720 . _:b420808189 "3"^^ . _:b420809958 . _:b420810864 . . _:b420808188 "3"^^ . _:b420809953 . _:b420810589 . _:b420810867 . _:b420810986 . . _:b420810639 . _:b420809952 . _:b420808191 "3"^^ . . _:b420810866 . . _:b420808190 "3"^^ . _:b420809955 . _:b420810877 . _:b420808185 "3"^^ . _:b420809954 . _:b420810876 . _:b420808184 "3"^^ . _:b420809965 . _:b420810879 . _:b420806890 . _:b420809009 . _:b420808187 "3"^^ . _:b420809964 . _:b420810878 . _:b420808186 "3"^^ . _:b420809967 . _:b420810873 . _:b6610718 "Previous work has shown that truncation of TCR signaling and inhibition of the Akt\u2013mTOR signaling axis is critical for T reg cell development (Qu et al., 2007; Strauss et al., >>2007<<; Haxhinasto et al., 2008; Long and Buckner, 2008; Sauer et al., 2008)." . . _:b420809966 . _:b420807173 "4"^^ . _:b420810872 . _:b420807637 . . _:b420809961 . _:b420806724 . _:b420810875 . _:b420807172 "4"^^ . . _:b420809960 . . _:b420807175 "4"^^ . _:b420810874 . . _:b420810724 . _:b420809963 . _:b420807174 "4"^^ . _:b420810885 . _:b420806415 . . _:b420809962 . . _:b420810884 . _:b420807169 "4"^^ . _:b420809770 . _:b420809973 . _:b420807168 "4"^^ . _:b420810887 . _:b420808870 . . _:b420809972 . _:b420807171 "4"^^ . _:b420810886 . . _:b420809975 . _:b420807170 "4"^^ . _:b420810881 . . _:b420809974 . _:b420807181 "4"^^ . _:b420811093 . _:b420810880 . _:b420807426 . _:b420809969 . _:b420807180 "4"^^ . _:b420810883 . _:b420809745 . . _:b420808665 . . _:b420809968 . _:b420807183 "4"^^ . _:b420810882 . . _:b420806719 . _:b420809971 . _:b420810419 . _:b420807182 "4"^^ . _:b420810893 . _:b420809970 . . _:b420810892 . _:b420807816 . _:b420807177 "4"^^ . _:b420806933 . _:b420808792 . _:b420809620 . _:b420809981 . . _:b420810895 . _:b420807176 "4"^^ . _:b420807078 . . . . _:b420809980 . _:b420807179 "4"^^ . _:b420810894 . _:b420808344 . _:b420810203 . _:b420809983 . _:b420810249 . _:b420807178 "4"^^ . _:b420810889 . _:b420810615 . _:b420808474 . _:b420809982 . . _:b420810888 . _:b420807189 "4"^^ . _:b420809826 . . _:b420809977 . _:b420807188 "4"^^ . _:b420810891 . _:b420809976 . _:b420807191 "4"^^ . _:b420810890 . _:b420809979 . . _:b420810901 . _:b420807190 "4"^^ . _:b420809978 . _:b420807185 "4"^^ . _:b420810900 . . _:b420809477 . _:b420807184 "4"^^ . _:b420810903 . . _:b420809476 . _:b420807187 "4"^^ . _:b420810902 . _:b420808379 . _:b420809479 . _:b420807186 "4"^^ . _:b420810897 . _:b420810402 . _:b420809478 . . _:b420810896 . _:b420807197 "4"^^ . . _:b420808483 . _:b420809473 . . _:b420810899 . _:b420807985 . _:b420807196 "4"^^ . _:b420809560 . _:b420809472 . _:b420807199 "4"^^ . _:b420810898 . . _:b420809475 . _:b420809545 . . _:b420810909 . _:b420807198 "4"^^ . . _:b420809474 . _:b420807193 "4"^^ . _:b420810908 . . _:b420810966 . _:b420809485 . _:b420810160 . _:b420807192 "4"^^ . _:b420811150 . _:b420810911 . _:b420807368 . . _:b420809484 . _:b420807195 "4"^^ . _:b420810910 . _:b420809487 . . _:b420810905 . _:b420807194 "4"^^ . . _:b420809486 . _:b420807205 "4"^^ . _:b420810904 . _:b420807398 . _:b420809345 . _:b420809481 . . _:b420810907 . _:b420807204 "4"^^ . _:b420808724 . . _:b420809809 . _:b420809480 . _:b420807207 "4"^^ . _:b420810906 . _:b420809095 . . . _:b420809483 . _:b420807206 "4"^^ . _:b420810917 . _:b420810812 . _:b420811037 . _:b420809482 . _:b420809872 . _:b420807201 "4"^^ . _:b420810916 . _:b420806630 . _:b420808322 . _:b420809493 . _:b420807200 "4"^^ . _:b420810919 . _:b420806309 . _:b420807779 . _:b420809492 . _:b420807203 "4"^^ . _:b420810918 . _:b420809495 . _:b420807202 "4"^^ . _:b420810913 . _:b420809494 . _:b420807213 "4"^^ . _:b420810912 . _:b420806766 . _:b420809489 . _:b420807212 "4"^^ . _:b420810915 . _:b420809066 . _:b420809488 . _:b420807215 "4"^^ . _:b420810914 . . . _:b420809491 . _:b420807214 "4"^^ . _:b420810925 . _:b420809490 . . _:b420810924 . _:b420807209 "4"^^ . _:b420809501 . _:b420807208 "4"^^ . _:b420810927 . . _:b420809500 . _:b420807211 "4"^^ . _:b420810926 . _:b6610716 "IL-2; Ramsdell, 2003; Setoguchi et al., 2005) induce key changes within the regulatory cell transcriptome that contribute to the identity of T reg cells separate from, and in addition to, the effects attributed to Foxp3 (Lin et al., >>2007<<). In vivo, TGF-\u03B2 production is maintained at a basal level and up-regulated with inflammation." . _:b420809503 . _:b420807210 "4"^^ . _:b420810921 . _:b420808139 . . _:b420810550 . _:b420810531 . _:b420809502 . . _:b420810920 . _:b420807221 "4"^^ . . . . _:b420809497 . _:b420807220 "4"^^ . _:b420810923 . . _:b420809496 . _:b420807223 "4"^^ . _:b420810922 . _:b6610723 . _:b420807280 . _:b420809499 . _:b420809179 . . _:b420810933 . _:b420807222 "4"^^ . _:b420806804 . _:b420810708 . _:b420809498 . _:b420807179 . _:b420810932 . _:b420807217 "4"^^ . . _:b420808769 . _:b420809509 . _:b420807216 "4"^^ . _:b420810935 . _:b420807541 . _:b420808402 . _:b420809508 . . _:b420810934 . _:b420807219 "4"^^ . _:b420807533 . _:b420809511 . _:b420810594 . _:b420807218 "4"^^ . _:b420810929 . _:b420807448 . _:b420809510 . _:b420807229 "4"^^ . _:b420810928 . _:b420808248 . _:b420809505 . _:b420807228 "4"^^ . _:b420810931 . _:b420810741 . _:b6610667 "In particular, Akt signaling is essential for naive T cell activation and proliferation but dispensible for T reg cell development and function (Battaglia et al., 2006; Coenen et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2007; Qu et al., >>2007<<; Strauss et al., 2007; Haxhinasto et al., 2008; Sauer et al., 2008)." . _:b420809504 . _:b420807231 "4"^^ . _:b420810930 . _:b420809507 . . _:b420810941 . _:b420808093 . _:b420807230 "4"^^ . . . _:b420811176 . _:b420809506 . _:b420807225 "4"^^ . _:b420810940 . . . _:b420809517 . _:b420807224 "4"^^ . _:b420810943 . _:b420809981 . _:b420809761 . _:b420809516 . _:b420807227 "4"^^ . _:b420810942 . _:b420809519 . _:b420807226 "4"^^ . _:b420810937 . _:b420809518 . _:b420807237 "4"^^ . _:b420810936 . _:b420809159 . _:b6610654 "results" . . _:b420809513 . _:b420807236 "4"^^ . _:b420810939 . _:b420808389 . . _:b420809512 . _:b420807239 "4"^^ . _:b420810938 . _:b420806474 . . . _:b420809515 . . _:b420810949 . _:b420807238 "4"^^ . _:b420810482 . _:b420809514 . _:b420807233 "4"^^ . _:b420810948 . _:b420809525 . . _:b420810951 . _:b420807232 "4"^^ . _:b420809524 . _:b420807235 "4"^^ . _:b420810950 . . . _:b420809527 . _:b420807234 "4"^^ . _:b420810945 . . . _:b420809526 . _:b420807245 "4"^^ . _:b420810944 . _:b420807357 . _:b420809521 . _:b420807244 "4"^^ . _:b420810947 . _:b420808640 . _:b420810384 . _:b420809520 . _:b420807247 "4"^^ . _:b420810946 . _:b420808193 . _:b420809523 . _:b420807246 "4"^^ . _:b420810957 . _:b420809522 . _:b420807241 "4"^^ . _:b420810956 . _:b420810440 . _:b420809533 . . _:b420810959 . _:b420807240 "4"^^ . . _:b420809532 . _:b420807243 "4"^^ . _:b420810958 . _:b420808616 . _:b420809535 . . _:b420810953 . _:b420807242 "4"^^ . _:b420809534 . . _:b420810952 . _:b420809327 . _:b420807253 "4"^^ . _:b420809731 . _:b420810042 . _:b420809529 . . _:b420810955 . _:b420807252 "4"^^ . . _:b420810600 . _:b420809528 . _:b420807255 "4"^^ . _:b420810954 . _:b420807148 . _:b420811097 . _:b420810714 . _:b420807331 . _:b420810894 . _:b420809531 . _:b420807254 "4"^^ . _:b420810965 . _:b420809530 . _:b420809752 . _:b420807249 "4"^^ . _:b420810964 . . _:b420808382 . _:b420808352 . _:b420809541 . _:b420807248 "4"^^ . _:b420810967 . _:b420808869 . _:b420806398 . . _:b420809540 . _:b420810238 . _:b420807251 "4"^^ . _:b420810966 . . . _:b420809543 . _:b420807250 "4"^^ . _:b420810961 . _:b420810244 . _:b420807549 . _:b420809542 . _:b420807261 "4"^^ . _:b420810960 . _:b420808279 . _:b420810593 . _:b420809537 . _:b420807260 "4"^^ . _:b420810963 . . . _:b420809536 . . _:b420810962 . _:b420807263 "4"^^ . . _:b420809539 . . _:b420807262 "4"^^ . _:b420810973 . . _:b420810543 . _:b420809538 . _:b420807257 "4"^^ . _:b420810972 . _:b420809549 . _:b420807256 "4"^^ . _:b420810975 . . _:b420809548 . _:b420807259 "4"^^ . _:b420810974 . . _:b420809551 . . _:b420810969 . _:b420807258 "4"^^ . . _:b420808259 . . _:b420809550 . . _:b420810968 . _:b420807269 "4"^^ . . _:b420809545 . . _:b420810971 . _:b420807268 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809544 . . _:b420810970 . _:b420807271 "4"^^ . . _:b420809547 . _:b420807270 "4"^^ . _:b420810981 . _:b420809546 . _:b420807265 "4"^^ . _:b420810980 . _:b420809557 . _:b420807264 "4"^^ . _:b420810983 . _:b420807297 . _:b420808617 . _:b420809556 . . _:b420810982 . _:b420807267 "4"^^ . _:b420806553 . _:b420809559 . _:b420807266 "4"^^ . _:b420810977 . _:b420809384 . _:b420809946 . _:b420808220 . _:b420809558 . _:b420807277 "4"^^ . _:b420810976 . _:b420809553 . _:b420807276 "4"^^ . _:b420810979 . _:b420806593 . _:b420809552 . _:b420807279 "4"^^ . _:b420810978 . _:b420809555 . . _:b420810989 . _:b420809623 . _:b420807278 "4"^^ . . _:b420809554 . _:b420807273 "4"^^ . _:b420810988 . _:b420808595 . _:b420809565 . _:b420806292 . _:b420810991 . _:b420807272 "4"^^ . _:b420806536 . _:b420806427 . _:b420809564 . _:b420807079 . _:b420810990 . _:b420807275 "4"^^ . . _:b420810524 . _:b420808461 . _:b420809567 . _:b420807274 "4"^^ . _:b420810985 . . _:b420809566 . _:b420807285 "4"^^ . _:b420810984 . _:b420810825 . _:b420809561 . . _:b420810987 . _:b420807284 "4"^^ . _:b420806987 . _:b420809560 . _:b420807287 "4"^^ . _:b420810986 . . _:b420807199 . . _:b420809563 . _:b420807286 "4"^^ . _:b420810997 . _:b420807030 . _:b420809581 . _:b420809562 . _:b420807281 "4"^^ . _:b420810996 . _:b420809412 . . _:b420809573 . . _:b420810999 . _:b420807280 "4"^^ . _:b420807354 . _:b420810847 . _:b420809572 . _:b420809926 . _:b420807283 "4"^^ . _:b420810998 . _:b420806644 . _:b420809575 . _:b420807218 . _:b420810993 . _:b420807282 "4"^^ . . _:b420809574 . _:b420807293 "4"^^ . _:b420810992 . _:b420809569 . _:b420807292 "4"^^ . _:b420810995 . _:b420809568 . _:b420807295 "4"^^ . _:b420810994 . _:b6610705 . . _:b420809571 . _:b420807294 "4"^^ . _:b420811005 . _:b420808422 . . _:b420809570 . _:b420807289 "4"^^ . _:b420811004 . . _:b420810939 . _:b420810913 . _:b420809581 . _:b420807288 "4"^^ . _:b420811007 . . _:b420809580 . _:b420807291 "4"^^ . _:b420811006 . _:b420807438 . _:b420809583 . _:b420807290 "4"^^ . _:b420811001 . . _:b420809582 . _:b420807301 "4"^^ . _:b420811000 . . _:b420809577 . _:b420807300 "4"^^ . _:b420811003 . _:b420809576 . _:b420807303 "4"^^ . _:b420811002 . _:b420809579 . _:b420810805 . _:b420807302 "4"^^ . . _:b420809578 . _:b420806655 . _:b420810693 . _:b420807297 "4"^^ . _:b420810071 . _:b420809589 . . _:b420811153 . _:b420807296 "4"^^ . _:b420809588 . _:b420807299 "4"^^ . . _:b420807891 . _:b420809591 . . _:b420807298 "4"^^ . _:b420809590 . _:b420807309 "4"^^ . . _:b420810349 . _:b420809585 . . _:b420807308 "4"^^ . . _:b420809584 . _:b420807311 "4"^^ . _:b420809587 . _:b420807310 "4"^^ . . _:b420809586 . _:b420807305 "4"^^ . . _:b420809597 . _:b420807304 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809596 . _:b420807307 "4"^^ . _:b420810105 . _:b420809855 . _:b420811076 . _:b420809599 . _:b420807306 "4"^^ . . _:b420809598 . _:b420807317 "4"^^ . _:b420808981 . _:b420806776 . _:b420809593 . _:b420807316 "4"^^ . _:b420807859 . _:b420809592 . . _:b420807319 "4"^^ . _:b420810605 . _:b420809595 . . _:b420807318 "4"^^ . _:b420806364 . _:b420807081 . . _:b420809594 . _:b420807313 "4"^^ . _:b420806698 . _:b420810394 . _:b420809605 . . _:b6610711 "It has been suggested that although Foxp3 expression is a salient feature of the regulatory cell signature, it is not the master regulator of T reg cell development (Ramsdell, >>2003<<; Collison et al., 2007; Hill et al., 2007)." . _:b420808083 . _:b420807312 "4"^^ . _:b420807862 . . _:b420811172 . _:b420809604 . _:b420807315 "4"^^ . . _:b420809607 . _:b420807314 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809606 . _:b420807325 "4"^^ . _:b420809601 . _:b420807324 "4"^^ . _:b420809600 . . _:b420808639 . _:b420807327 "4"^^ . . _:b420809603 . _:b420807326 "4"^^ . _:b420807918 . _:b420809602 . . _:b420807321 "4"^^ . _:b420807618 . _:b420809613 . _:b420807320 "4"^^ . _:b420809612 . _:b420807323 "4"^^ . _:b420807616 . _:b420809664 . _:b420809189 . _:b420809615 . _:b420807322 "4"^^ . _:b420809614 . _:b420807333 "4"^^ . _:b420810422 . _:b420808044 . _:b420809609 . . _:b420807332 "4"^^ . _:b420807577 . _:b420809608 . _:b420807335 "4"^^ . _:b420807931 . _:b420808811 . _:b420809611 . _:b420807334 "4"^^ . . _:b420807468 . _:b420809610 . _:b420807329 "4"^^ . _:b420808095 . _:b420811181 . _:b420809621 . _:b420807328 "4"^^ . _:b420807975 . . _:b420809620 . . _:b420807331 "4"^^ . _:b420808877 . _:b420810945 . _:b420808599 . _:b420808744 . _:b420809623 . _:b420807330 "4"^^ . _:b420809622 . _:b420807341 "4"^^ . _:b420807356 . _:b420809168 . _:b420806901 . _:b420809617 . _:b420808123 . _:b420807065 . _:b420807340 "4"^^ . . _:b420809616 . _:b420807343 "4"^^ . . _:b420808061 . . _:b420809619 . _:b420807342 "4"^^ . _:b420809618 . _:b420810583 . _:b420807337 "4"^^ . _:b420806884 . _:b420809425 . _:b420807307 . _:b420809629 . _:b420809509 . _:b420807336 "4"^^ . _:b420806324 . _:b420809628 . . _:b420807339 "4"^^ . _:b420809876 . _:b420809631 . . _:b420807338 "4"^^ . . _:b420809119 . _:b420808519 . . _:b420809630 . _:b420807349 "4"^^ . _:b420806858 . _:b420811045 . . _:b420807961 . _:b420809625 . _:b420809783 . _:b420807348 "4"^^ . _:b420809624 . _:b420811161 . _:b420807351 "4"^^ . . _:b420809627 . _:b420807350 "4"^^ . _:b420809626 . . _:b420807345 "4"^^ . . _:b420809637 . _:b420807344 "4"^^ . _:b420807988 . . _:b420807581 . _:b420809636 . _:b420807347 "4"^^ . . _:b420807282 . . _:b420809639 . _:b420807346 "4"^^ . . . _:b420810159 . _:b420809638 . _:b420807357 "4"^^ . . _:b420810702 . . _:b420809633 . _:b420807356 "4"^^ . _:b420809632 . _:b420807359 "4"^^ . . _:b420807894 . _:b420809635 . . _:b420807358 "4"^^ . _:b420811059 . _:b420809634 . _:b420810067 . _:b420807353 "4"^^ . . _:b420809645 . _:b420807352 "4"^^ . _:b420808813 . _:b420810860 . _:b420809171 . . _:b420809644 . _:b420807355 "4"^^ . _:b420807402 . _:b420806603 . _:b420809647 . _:b420807354 "4"^^ . _:b420809520 . _:b420809646 . _:b420807365 "4"^^ . . _:b420809641 . _:b6610692 "Increased T reg cells are also seen during chronic infections (Belkaid, >>2008<<), correlating with a lack of sterilizing immunity. During persistent infection by Helicobacter pylori, PD-L1 is up-regulated on gastric epithelial cells (Das et al., 2006)." . _:b420807364 "4"^^ . . _:b420807685 . _:b420810005 . _:b420809640 . _:b420807367 "4"^^ . . _:b420809643 . _:b420807366 "4"^^ . _:b420806959 . _:b420809642 . _:b420809155 . _:b420807361 "4"^^ . _:b420809653 . _:b420807360 "4"^^ . . _:b420809652 . . _:b420811095 . _:b420807363 "4"^^ . . _:b420808980 . _:b420809655 . _:b420810442 . _:b420807362 "4"^^ . . _:b420809654 . _:b420807373 "4"^^ . . _:b420810278 . _:b420809649 . _:b420807372 "4"^^ . _:b420809648 . _:b420807375 "4"^^ . _:b420809401 . _:b420809651 . _:b420807374 "4"^^ . . . _:b420810814 . . _:b420809650 . _:b420807369 "4"^^ . _:b420807296 . _:b420810623 . _:b420809661 . _:b420807368 "4"^^ . . _:b420806428 . _:b420809660 . _:b420807371 "4"^^ . . _:b420809663 . _:b420807370 "4"^^ . _:b420809662 . _:b420807381 "4"^^ . _:b420807142 . _:b420809657 . _:b420806355 . _:b420807380 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809656 . . _:b420807383 "4"^^ . . . . _:b420806369 . . . . _:b420809659 . _:b420808678 . . _:b420807382 "4"^^ . _:b420807028 . . _:b420809958 . _:b420809658 . _:b420807377 "4"^^ . _:b420811125 . . . . _:b420809669 . _:b420807376 "4"^^ . . _:b420809668 . _:b420807379 "4"^^ . _:b420809671 . _:b420807378 "4"^^ . . _:b420809670 . . _:b420807389 "4"^^ . . _:b420809665 . . _:b420807388 "4"^^ . . _:b420809664 . _:b420807391 "4"^^ . _:b420810730 . _:b420809667 . _:b420810239 . _:b420806846 . _:b420807390 "4"^^ . . _:b420809666 . _:b420807321 . _:b420807385 "4"^^ . . _:b420806764 . . _:b420809677 . _:b420807384 "4"^^ . . _:b420809676 . . _:b420810944 . _:b420807387 "4"^^ . . _:b420809679 . _:b420807386 "4"^^ . _:b420809299 . _:b420809678 . . _:b420807397 "4"^^ . _:b420806941 . . _:b420809673 . . _:b420807396 "4"^^ . _:b420810585 . _:b420809672 . _:b420807399 "4"^^ . . _:b420809675 . _:b420807398 "4"^^ . _:b420808968 . _:b420811089 . . _:b420809674 . . . _:b420808497 . _:b420807393 "4"^^ . . _:b420807322 . _:b420809685 . _:b420807392 "4"^^ . _:b420809684 . _:b420806649 . _:b420807395 "4"^^ . . _:b420809687 . . _:b420809266 . _:b420807394 "4"^^ . _:b420809686 . _:b420807405 "4"^^ . . _:b420809681 . _:b420807404 "4"^^ . . _:b420809680 . _:b420810763 . _:b420807407 "4"^^ . _:b420807561 . _:b420809683 . _:b420810044 . _:b420807406 "4"^^ . _:b420809682 . _:b420807401 "4"^^ . _:b420807727 . _:b420809693 . _:b420807400 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809692 . _:b420809340 . _:b420807403 "4"^^ . . _:b6610651 "GFP; Bettelli et al., 2006) were generated in our laboratory by crossing 2D2 TCR Tg mice (Bettelli et al., >>2003<<) with Foxp3." . _:b420809695 . _:b420807402 "4"^^ . _:b420809694 . _:b420807413 "4"^^ . _:b420809689 . _:b420807412 "4"^^ . . _:b420809688 . _:b420807415 "4"^^ . . _:b420810790 . _:b420809691 . _:b420807414 "4"^^ . _:b420807883 . _:b420809789 . _:b420809690 . _:b420807409 "4"^^ . _:b420809701 . _:b420807408 "4"^^ . . _:b420809700 . _:b420807411 "4"^^ . . _:b420807878 . _:b420809703 . _:b420806277 . _:b420807410 "4"^^ . _:b420808338 . _:b420806293 . _:b420809702 . _:b420807421 "4"^^ . _:b420809697 . _:b420810582 . _:b420807420 "4"^^ . _:b420808197 . _:b420807993 . . _:b420810491 . _:b420809696 . _:b420807423 "4"^^ . _:b420809176 . _:b420809699 . _:b420807422 "4"^^ . _:b420809698 . _:b420807417 "4"^^ . . _:b420809709 . _:b420807416 "4"^^ . . _:b420809708 . . _:b420810810 . _:b420807419 "4"^^ . . _:b420806700 . _:b420809711 . . _:b420807418 "4"^^ . . _:b420806579 . . . _:b420809710 . _:b420807429 "4"^^ . _:b420809705 . _:b420807428 "4"^^ . _:b420810572 . _:b420809704 . _:b420807431 "4"^^ . . . . _:b420808878 . _:b420809707 . _:b420807430 "4"^^ . _:b420808066 . _:b420809706 . _:b420807425 "4"^^ . . _:b420810492 . _:b420808005 . _:b420809717 . _:b420806733 . _:b420807424 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809716 . _:b420807427 "4"^^ . . _:b420806703 . _:b420809719 . _:b420807426 "4"^^ . _:b420809547 . _:b420810133 . _:b420809718 . . _:b420807437 "4"^^ . . _:b420809713 . _:b420807041 . . . _:b420807839 . _:b420807436 "4"^^ . _:b420809712 . _:b420807439 "4"^^ . . . . _:b420809715 . _:b420807438 "4"^^ . . _:b420810151 . _:b420807547 . _:b420808335 . _:b420809714 . _:b420807433 "4"^^ . . _:b420809725 . _:b420807432 "4"^^ . _:b6610655 . _:b420809724 . . _:b420807435 "4"^^ . _:b420809727 . _:b420807434 "4"^^ . . _:b420809726 . _:b420807445 "4"^^ . _:b420809765 . _:b420807498 . _:b420806716 . _:b420809721 . _:b420807444 "4"^^ . _:b420806746 . _:b6610664 "In particular, Akt signaling is essential for naive T cell activation and proliferation but dispensible for T reg cell development and function (Battaglia et al., >>2006<<; Coenen et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2007; Qu et al., 2007; Strauss et al., 2007; Haxhinasto et al., 2008; Sauer et al., 2008)." . . _:b420809720 . _:b420807447 "4"^^ . _:b420809723 . _:b420807446 "4"^^ . _:b420809722 . _:b420807441 "4"^^ . _:b420807428 . . _:b420809221 . _:b420807440 "4"^^ . . _:b420809220 . . _:b420807443 "4"^^ . _:b420806589 . _:b420811051 . _:b420810918 . _:b420809223 . _:b420807442 "4"^^ . . _:b420809222 . _:b420807453 "4"^^ . . _:b420809217 . _:b420807452 "4"^^ . _:b420807887 . _:b420810709 . _:b420809216 . . _:b420807455 "4"^^ . _:b420810065 . _:b420806330 . _:b420806505 . _:b420809219 . _:b420807454 "4"^^ . _:b420808857 . _:b420809218 . _:b420807449 "4"^^ . _:b420806459 . _:b420808390 . _:b420809229 . _:b420807448 "4"^^ . . _:b420809228 . _:b420810757 . _:b420807451 "4"^^ . . _:b420811210 . . _:b420806789 . . _:b420809231 . _:b420807046 . _:b420807450 "4"^^ . _:b420808902 . _:b420806741 . _:b420807882 . . _:b6610688 "cancers (Dong et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2002; Strome et al., 2003; Konishi et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2004; Blank et al., 2005; Hirano et al., 2005; Ohigashi et al., 2005; Dorfman et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006; Inman et al., >>2007<<; Nakanishi et al., 2007; Nomi et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008). The numbers of Foxp3+ T cells within tumors also correlates with a poor prognosis." . _:b420806637 . _:b420809230 . . _:b420807461 "4"^^ . _:b420807283 . . . _:b420809225 . _:b420809553 . _:b420807460 "4"^^ . _:b420809224 . _:b420807463 "4"^^ . _:b420809227 . _:b420807462 "4"^^ . _:b420809418 . _:b6610673 . _:b420807718 . _:b420809226 . . _:b420807457 "4"^^ . _:b420809237 . . _:b420807456 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809236 . . _:b420807459 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809239 . _:b420807458 "4"^^ . . _:b420807086 . _:b420808634 . _:b420809238 . _:b420810220 . _:b420807469 "4"^^ . _:b420810299 . . . _:b420809233 . _:b420807811 . _:b420807468 "4"^^ . . _:b420809232 . . _:b420807471 "4"^^ . _:b420809235 . _:b420809825 . _:b420807470 "4"^^ . _:b420809079 . _:b420810668 . . _:b420809234 . _:b420807465 "4"^^ . _:b420807099 . . _:b420809245 . _:b420808230 . . _:b420807464 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809244 . _:b420807467 "4"^^ . _:b420806691 . _:b420809247 . . _:b6610723 "Similar to the Akt\u2013mTOR pathway, recent data indicate an important role for the MAP kinase cascade in iT reg cell development (Adler et al., 2007; Huber et al., >>2008<<; Luo et al., 2008). We found that PD-L1 attenuated the phosphorylation of p42/ERK2, suggesting that PD-L1 may mediate the induction of T reg cells by modulating ERK2 activity and, hence, the MAP kinase signaling cascade." . _:b420807466 "4"^^ . _:b420810131 . _:b420811050 . _:b420809246 . _:b420807477 "4"^^ . _:b420808045 . _:b420809241 . _:b420807476 "4"^^ . . . _:b420808931 . _:b420809240 . _:b420807479 "4"^^ . . _:b420809243 . _:b420810821 . _:b420807478 "4"^^ . _:b420809485 . _:b420810438 . _:b420809242 . _:b420807473 "4"^^ . _:b420809253 . _:b420807472 "4"^^ . _:b420809252 . _:b420807475 "4"^^ . _:b420810661 . _:b420807695 . _:b420810612 . _:b420810888 . _:b420808972 . _:b420809255 . _:b420807474 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809254 . _:b420807485 "4"^^ . . _:b420809249 . _:b420807484 "4"^^ . _:b420808904 . _:b420809248 . _:b420807487 "4"^^ . _:b420808181 . _:b420807871 . _:b420806618 . _:b420809251 . _:b420806838 . _:b420807486 "4"^^ . . _:b420809250 . _:b420807481 "4"^^ . . _:b420809261 . . _:b420811064 . _:b420807480 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809905 . _:b420809206 . _:b420809260 . _:b420807483 "4"^^ . . _:b420809263 . _:b420807482 "4"^^ . _:b420811173 . . . _:b420806405 . _:b420809262 . _:b420807493 "4"^^ . _:b420806404 . _:b420809257 . _:b420806320 . _:b420807492 "4"^^ . _:b420807035 . _:b420806407 . _:b420809256 . _:b420807106 . _:b420807092 . _:b420807495 "4"^^ . . _:b420806406 . _:b420809259 . _:b420807494 "4"^^ . _:b420806401 . _:b420809258 . _:b420807489 "4"^^ . _:b420809057 . _:b420806400 . _:b420809269 . _:b420807488 "4"^^ . _:b420809671 . _:b420807639 . _:b420806403 . _:b420809268 . _:b420806886 . . _:b420807491 "4"^^ . . . . _:b420810351 . _:b420806402 . _:b420809271 . _:b420807490 "4"^^ . . _:b420806413 . _:b420809270 . _:b420807501 "4"^^ . _:b420809884 . _:b420806412 . _:b420809265 . _:b420807500 "4"^^ . _:b420809690 . _:b420809645 . _:b420809278 . _:b420806415 . _:b420809264 . _:b420807503 "4"^^ . _:b420810411 . _:b420806414 . _:b420809267 . _:b420807502 "4"^^ . . _:b420806409 . _:b420809266 . _:b420807497 "4"^^ . _:b420810010 . _:b420806408 . _:b420809277 . _:b420807496 "4"^^ . _:b420806411 . _:b420809276 . . _:b420807861 . _:b420807499 "4"^^ . _:b420806410 . _:b420809279 . _:b420808011 . _:b420807498 "4"^^ . _:b420806296 . . _:b420807253 . _:b420806421 . _:b420809278 . . _:b420807509 "4"^^ . . _:b420808731 . _:b420807047 . _:b420806420 . _:b420809273 . . _:b420807858 . _:b420807508 "4"^^ . . _:b420806423 . _:b420809272 . . _:b420807511 "4"^^ . _:b420808531 . _:b420806422 . _:b420809275 . _:b420807510 "4"^^ . _:b420809760 . _:b420808285 . _:b420807853 . _:b420806417 . _:b420809274 . . _:b420807505 "4"^^ . _:b420806416 . _:b420809285 . . _:b420810675 . _:b420807504 "4"^^ . _:b420809603 . . _:b420809284 . . _:b420806419 . _:b420807507 "4"^^ . . _:b420806418 . _:b420809287 . _:b420807506 "4"^^ . . _:b420809394 . . _:b420806429 . _:b420809286 . . . _:b420807517 "4"^^ . . _:b420806428 . _:b420809281 . _:b420807516 "4"^^ . _:b420807706 . . _:b420809280 . _:b420806431 . _:b420807519 "4"^^ . _:b420807567 . _:b420809306 . _:b420806430 . _:b420809283 . _:b420807518 "4"^^ . _:b420809349 . . _:b420806425 . _:b420809282 . _:b420807513 "4"^^ . _:b420806424 . _:b420810321 . _:b420809293 . _:b420807512 "4"^^ . _:b420809570 . _:b420807926 . _:b420806427 . _:b420809292 . . _:b420807515 "4"^^ . _:b420806426 . _:b420809295 . _:b420808289 . . _:b420807514 "4"^^ . . _:b420806437 . _:b420810423 . _:b420809294 . _:b420807525 "4"^^ . _:b420806352 . . _:b420806436 . _:b420809289 . _:b420807524 "4"^^ . . _:b420810523 . _:b420806439 . _:b420809596 . _:b420809288 . _:b420807520 . _:b420807527 "4"^^ . _:b420806438 . _:b420809291 . _:b420807526 "4"^^ . . _:b420806433 . _:b420809290 . . _:b420807521 "4"^^ . _:b6610689 "2002; Iwai et al., 2002; Strome et al., 2003; Konishi et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2004; Blank et al., 2005; Hirano et al., 2005; Ohigashi et al., 2005; Dorfman et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006; Inman et al., 2007; Nakanishi et al., >>2007<<; Nomi et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008). The numbers of Foxp3+ T cells within tumors also correlates with a poor prognosis." . . _:b420809301 . _:b420806432 . . _:b420807520 "4"^^ . _:b420806283 . _:b420806435 . _:b420809300 . . _:b420807523 "4"^^ . _:b420807455 . _:b420807759 . _:b420806434 . _:b420809303 . . _:b420807522 "4"^^ . _:b420806445 . _:b420809302 . _:b420807533 "4"^^ . _:b420806444 . _:b420809297 . _:b420807532 "4"^^ . _:b420806430 . _:b420806447 . _:b420809296 . _:b420807535 "4"^^ . _:b420808885 . _:b420806446 . _:b420809299 . _:b420807534 "4"^^ . _:b420810264 . _:b420806441 . _:b420809298 . _:b420807529 "4"^^ . _:b420809156 . _:b420806440 . _:b420809309 . . _:b420807528 "4"^^ . _:b420806922 . _:b420808445 . _:b420806443 . _:b420809308 . _:b420807531 "4"^^ . _:b420806442 . _:b420809311 . _:b420807530 "4"^^ . _:b420807638 . . _:b420806453 . _:b420809310 . _:b420807541 "4"^^ . _:b420806452 . _:b420809305 . _:b420807540 "4"^^ . . _:b420809304 . _:b420807374 . _:b420806455 . _:b420807543 "4"^^ . . _:b420808834 . _:b420806454 . _:b420809307 . _:b420807542 "4"^^ . _:b420806545 . _:b420806449 . _:b420809306 . . _:b420807537 "4"^^ . _:b420807012 . _:b420809766 . _:b420806448 . _:b420809317 . _:b420807536 "4"^^ . _:b420808642 . . _:b420806451 . _:b420809316 . _:b420807539 "4"^^ . . . _:b420806450 . _:b420810504 . _:b420809319 . _:b420808829 . . _:b420807538 "4"^^ . . _:b420807747 . _:b420810150 . . _:b420809318 . _:b420806461 . . _:b420807549 "4"^^ . . _:b420806460 . _:b420809313 . _:b420807548 "4"^^ . . . _:b420809312 . _:b420806463 . . _:b420807551 "4"^^ . _:b420806462 . _:b420809315 . _:b420807550 "4"^^ . . _:b420806457 . _:b420809314 . _:b420807545 "4"^^ . _:b420808737 . _:b420807756 . _:b420806456 . _:b420809325 . _:b420808872 . _:b420807544 "4"^^ . . _:b420806326 . _:b420808852 . _:b420806459 . _:b420809324 . _:b420807547 "4"^^ . . _:b420809327 . _:b420806458 . _:b420807546 "4"^^ . _:b420806469 . _:b420809326 . . _:b420807863 . _:b420807557 "4"^^ . _:b420809921 . _:b420809300 . _:b420806468 . _:b420809321 . . _:b420807556 "4"^^ . _:b420807522 . . . _:b420809320 . _:b420807559 "3"^^ . _:b420806471 . . _:b420806470 . _:b420809323 . _:b420807558 "3"^^ . _:b420808828 . _:b420809746 . _:b420806564 . _:b420811106 . _:b420806465 . _:b420809322 . _:b420807553 "4"^^ . _:b420810512 . . _:b420809333 . _:b420806464 . _:b420807552 "4"^^ . _:b420808110 . _:b420807370 . _:b420806467 . _:b420809332 . _:b420807555 "4"^^ . . _:b420806466 . _:b420809335 . _:b420807554 "4"^^ . _:b420806477 . _:b420809334 . _:b420807565 "3"^^ . . . _:b420810618 . _:b420807972 . . _:b420809329 . _:b420807564 "3"^^ . _:b420806476 . _:b6610701 . _:b420806479 . _:b420809328 . _:b420807567 "3"^^ . . _:b420806478 . _:b420809331 . _:b420807566 "3"^^ . _:b420806473 . _:b420809330 . _:b420808558 . _:b420807561 "3"^^ . _:b420810728 . _:b420806472 . _:b420811019 . _:b420809341 . _:b420807560 "3"^^ . _:b420806475 . _:b420809340 . _:b420807563 "3"^^ . _:b420809227 . _:b420806474 . _:b420809343 . _:b420807562 "3"^^ . _:b420806695 . _:b420806336 . _:b420810656 . _:b420807248 . _:b420810134 . _:b420806485 . _:b420809342 . _:b420807573 "3"^^ . . . . _:b420806484 . _:b420809337 . _:b420807572 "3"^^ . _:b420809505 . _:b420806487 . _:b420809336 . _:b420807575 "3"^^ . _:b420806486 . _:b420809339 . _:b420807574 "3"^^ . . _:b420806481 . _:b420809338 . _:b420807569 "3"^^ . _:b420806681 . . . _:b420806480 . _:b420809349 . _:b420807568 "3"^^ . _:b420808673 . . _:b420811155 . _:b420806483 . _:b420809348 . _:b420807571 "3"^^ . _:b420811115 . _:b420810136 . _:b420806482 . _:b420809351 . _:b420807570 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806493 . _:b420809350 . _:b420807581 "3"^^ . . . _:b6610706 . _:b420808453 . _:b420810914 . _:b420810040 . _:b420806492 . _:b6610657 "Because TGF-\u03B2 has been shown to be necessary for iT reg cell generation (Chen et al., 2003; Fantini et al., 2004; Marie et al., >>2005<<; Pyzik and Piccirillo, 2007), we questioned whether PD-L1 alone could drive iT reg cell development and override the need for TGF-\u03B2." . _:b420809345 . _:b420807580 "3"^^ . _:b420807501 . . _:b420809344 . _:b420807583 "3"^^ . _:b420806495 . _:b420806494 . _:b420809347 . _:b420807582 "3"^^ . _:b420806489 . _:b420809346 . _:b420807577 "3"^^ . . _:b420806488 . _:b420809357 . _:b420807576 "3"^^ . . _:b420809356 . _:b420808635 . _:b420807579 "3"^^ . _:b420806491 . _:b420807180 . _:b420806490 . _:b420809359 . _:b420807578 "3"^^ . . _:b420810075 . _:b420809625 . _:b420806501 . _:b420809358 . _:b420807589 "3"^^ . _:b420807204 . _:b420809001 . _:b420806500 . _:b420809353 . _:b420807588 "3"^^ . _:b420810855 . _:b420806503 . _:b420809352 . _:b420807591 "3"^^ . _:b420806502 . _:b420809355 . _:b420807590 "3"^^ . _:b420806497 . _:b420809354 . _:b420807585 "3"^^ . _:b420806496 . _:b420810194 . _:b420809365 . _:b420807584 "3"^^ . _:b420806499 . _:b420809364 . _:b420807587 "3"^^ . . _:b420810045 . _:b420806498 . _:b420809367 . _:b420807586 "3"^^ . _:b420806509 . _:b420809366 . _:b420807597 "3"^^ . _:b420806671 . . . . _:b420806508 . _:b420809361 . _:b420807596 "3"^^ . _:b420807080 . _:b420806511 . _:b420809360 . _:b420807599 "3"^^ . . _:b420809363 . _:b420807598 "3"^^ . _:b420806510 . _:b420807366 . _:b420806505 . _:b420810337 . _:b420809362 . _:b420807593 "3"^^ . . . _:b420809373 . _:b420807592 "3"^^ . _:b420806504 . _:b420808800 . _:b420806507 . _:b420809372 . _:b420807595 "3"^^ . _:b420806506 . _:b420809375 . _:b420807594 "3"^^ . . _:b420806517 . _:b420809374 . _:b420807605 "3"^^ . _:b420806516 . _:b420809862 . _:b420809369 . _:b420807604 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806519 . _:b420809368 . _:b420807607 "3"^^ . . _:b420806518 . _:b420809371 . _:b420807606 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806302 . _:b420809370 . _:b420807601 "3"^^ . _:b420806513 . . _:b420809088 . . _:b420809381 . _:b420807600 "3"^^ . _:b420806512 . . . _:b420809380 . _:b420807603 "3"^^ . _:b420806515 . _:b420808807 . _:b420809308 . _:b420810783 . _:b420806514 . _:b420809383 . _:b420807602 "3"^^ . _:b420807023 . _:b420808300 . _:b420806525 . _:b420809382 . _:b420807613 "3"^^ . . _:b420806524 . _:b420809377 . _:b420807612 "3"^^ . _:b420806527 . _:b420810000 . _:b420809376 . _:b420807615 "3"^^ . _:b420810826 . . _:b420809379 . _:b420807614 "3"^^ . _:b420806526 . . _:b420806521 . _:b420809378 . _:b420807609 "3"^^ . _:b420806520 . _:b420809389 . _:b420807608 "3"^^ . _:b420806523 . _:b420810179 . _:b420809388 . _:b420809264 . _:b420808441 . _:b420807611 "3"^^ . _:b420808237 . _:b420806522 . _:b420809391 . _:b420808590 . _:b420807610 "3"^^ . . _:b420806533 . _:b420810545 . _:b420809390 . _:b420807621 "3"^^ . . _:b420806532 . _:b420809385 . _:b420807620 "3"^^ . _:b420810069 . . _:b420806535 . _:b420809384 . _:b420807623 "3"^^ . _:b420809641 . _:b420806534 . _:b420809387 . _:b420807622 "3"^^ . _:b420806529 . _:b420809386 . _:b420807617 "3"^^ . _:b420807491 . . _:b420809076 . _:b420808656 . _:b420807087 . _:b420806528 . _:b420809397 . _:b420807616 "3"^^ . _:b420810421 . . _:b420806531 . _:b420809396 . _:b420807619 "3"^^ . _:b420806530 . _:b420809399 . _:b420807618 "3"^^ . _:b420808937 . _:b420806541 . _:b420809398 . _:b420807629 "3"^^ . _:b420811206 . . _:b420809393 . _:b420809067 . _:b420807628 "3"^^ . _:b420806540 . . _:b420806543 . _:b420809392 . _:b420807631 "3"^^ . _:b420806925 . _:b420806542 . _:b420809395 . _:b420807630 "3"^^ . _:b420807527 . _:b420806537 . _:b420809394 . _:b420807625 "3"^^ . _:b420806536 . _:b420809405 . _:b420807624 "3"^^ . . _:b420806539 . _:b420809404 . _:b420807627 "3"^^ . . _:b420807880 . _:b6610659 . _:b420807326 . _:b420806538 . _:b420809407 . _:b420807626 "3"^^ . . _:b420806613 . . _:b420809406 . _:b420809048 . _:b420807637 "3"^^ . _:b420806549 . _:b420806548 . _:b420809401 . _:b420807636 "3"^^ . _:b420806669 . _:b420807039 . _:b420809224 . . _:b420809400 . _:b420807639 "3"^^ . _:b420806551 . _:b420806550 . _:b420809403 . _:b420807638 "3"^^ . _:b420808861 . _:b420806545 . _:b420809402 . _:b420807633 "3"^^ . _:b420808707 . _:b420806544 . _:b420809413 . _:b420807632 "3"^^ . . _:b420806547 . _:b420809412 . _:b420807635 "3"^^ . _:b420806546 . _:b420809415 . _:b420807634 "3"^^ . _:b420806435 . _:b420806557 . _:b420809414 . _:b420807645 "3"^^ . . _:b420809893 . _:b420808960 . _:b420811091 . _:b420809858 . _:b420806556 . _:b420809409 . _:b420807644 "3"^^ . _:b420807088 . _:b420806559 . _:b420809408 . _:b420808925 . _:b420807647 "3"^^ . _:b420806530 . _:b420806558 . _:b420809411 . _:b420807646 "3"^^ . _:b420806553 . _:b420809410 . _:b420807641 "3"^^ . _:b420810859 . _:b420810809 . . _:b420809421 . _:b420807640 "3"^^ . _:b420806552 . _:b420807022 . _:b420806555 . _:b420809420 . _:b420807643 "3"^^ . . . . _:b420809423 . _:b420807642 "3"^^ . . _:b420806554 . _:b420807181 . _:b420809801 . _:b420806565 . _:b420809422 . _:b420807653 "3"^^ . _:b420806564 . _:b420809417 . _:b420807652 "3"^^ . _:b420810413 . _:b420806567 . _:b420809416 . _:b420807655 "3"^^ . _:b420807591 . _:b420810858 . _:b420806566 . _:b420809419 . _:b420807654 "3"^^ . . _:b420806561 . _:b420809418 . _:b420807649 "3"^^ . . _:b420810565 . _:b420806560 . _:b420809429 . _:b420807648 "3"^^ . . _:b420806563 . _:b420810694 . _:b420809428 . _:b420807651 "3"^^ . _:b420806864 . _:b420808189 . . _:b420808223 . . _:b420809431 . _:b420807650 "3"^^ . _:b420806562 . _:b420806573 . _:b420809430 . _:b420807661 "3"^^ . . _:b420811058 . _:b420806572 . _:b420809425 . _:b420807660 "3"^^ . _:b420806575 . _:b420809424 . _:b420807663 "3"^^ . . _:b420806288 . _:b420806574 . _:b420809427 . _:b420807662 "3"^^ . _:b420807502 . _:b420806569 . _:b420809426 . _:b420807657 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806568 . _:b420809437 . _:b420807656 "3"^^ . _:b420809149 . . _:b420809436 . _:b420807659 "3"^^ . _:b420806571 . _:b420809003 . _:b420806570 . _:b420809439 . _:b420807658 "3"^^ . . _:b420809438 . _:b420807669 "3"^^ . _:b420806581 . _:b420806730 . _:b420809433 . _:b420807668 "3"^^ . _:b420806580 . _:b420806583 . _:b420809432 . _:b420807671 "3"^^ . . _:b420806582 . _:b420809435 . _:b420807670 "3"^^ . . . . _:b420810720 . _:b420806577 . _:b420809434 . _:b420808609 . _:b420807665 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806576 . _:b420809445 . _:b420807664 "3"^^ . . _:b420809444 . _:b420807667 "3"^^ . _:b420806579 . _:b420808889 . _:b420806578 . _:b420809447 . _:b420807666 "3"^^ . . . _:b420806589 . _:b420809446 . _:b420807677 "3"^^ . . _:b420806588 . _:b420809441 . _:b420807676 "3"^^ . . _:b420806433 . _:b420806591 . _:b420809440 . _:b420807679 "3"^^ . _:b420807619 . _:b420806590 . _:b420809443 . _:b420807678 "3"^^ . _:b420806585 . _:b420809442 . _:b420807673 "3"^^ . _:b420806584 . _:b420809453 . _:b420807672 "3"^^ . _:b420810781 . . _:b420806441 . _:b420806587 . _:b420809452 . _:b420807675 "3"^^ . _:b420806586 . _:b420809455 . _:b420807674 "3"^^ . _:b420806662 "7"^^ . _:b420809454 . _:b420806597 . _:b420808816 . _:b420808393 . _:b420806663 "7"^^ . _:b420809449 . _:b420806596 . . _:b420806660 "7"^^ . _:b420809448 . _:b420806599 . _:b420808694 . _:b420809882 . . _:b420806661 "7"^^ . _:b420810849 . _:b420809451 . _:b420806598 . _:b420806658 "7"^^ . _:b420809450 . _:b420809398 . _:b420806593 . . _:b420807650 . _:b420806659 "7"^^ . _:b420809461 . _:b420806592 . _:b420806656 "7"^^ . _:b420809460 . _:b420806595 . _:b420808357 . . _:b420806657 "7"^^ . _:b420809463 . _:b420806594 . . _:b420806670 "7"^^ . _:b420809462 . _:b420808839 . _:b420806605 . . _:b420806671 "7"^^ . _:b420809457 . _:b420806604 . . . _:b420809359 . _:b420806668 "7"^^ . _:b420809456 . _:b420808368 . _:b420806607 . _:b420808003 . . _:b6610703 "Along with contributing a distinct genetic signature to T reg cells, Foxp3 conveys regulatory activity to nT reg cells, iT reg cells, and, upon ectopic expression, in conventional T cells (Schubert et al., >>2001<<; Fontenot et al. 2003, 2005; Hori et al., 2003; Gavin et al., 2007; Hill et al., 2007)." . . _:b420809459 . _:b420806606 . _:b420806669 "7"^^ . _:b420806544 . _:b420806666 "7"^^ . _:b420809458 . _:b420806601 . . _:b420809469 . _:b420806600 . _:b420806667 "7"^^ . . . _:b420806664 "7"^^ . _:b420809468 . _:b420806603 . _:b420808817 . _:b420806665 "7"^^ . _:b420809471 . _:b420806602 . _:b420806678 "7"^^ . _:b420809470 . . _:b420806613 . . . _:b420809465 . _:b420806612 . _:b420806679 "7"^^ . _:b420807705 . . _:b420808858 . _:b420807998 . _:b420806676 "7"^^ . _:b420809464 . _:b420806615 . . . _:b420807542 . . _:b420806677 "7"^^ . _:b420809467 . _:b420806614 . . _:b420806674 "7"^^ . _:b420809466 . . _:b420806609 . _:b420806675 "7"^^ . _:b420808965 . _:b420806608 . . . . _:b420808964 . _:b420806611 . _:b420806672 "7"^^ . _:b420807052 . _:b420806673 "7"^^ . _:b420810356 . _:b420808967 . _:b420806610 . _:b420806686 "7"^^ . _:b420808966 . _:b420806621 . . _:b420806744 . _:b420806687 "7"^^ . _:b420808961 . _:b420806620 . . _:b420808960 . _:b420806623 . _:b420806684 "7"^^ . _:b420809343 . _:b420806685 "7"^^ . _:b420808963 . _:b420806622 . . _:b420806682 "7"^^ . _:b420808962 . _:b420807102 . _:b420806617 . _:b420807610 . _:b420806683 "7"^^ . _:b420808973 . _:b420806616 . _:b420806680 "7"^^ . _:b420808972 . _:b420806619 . _:b420806681 "7"^^ . _:b420808975 . _:b420806618 . . . . _:b420808974 . _:b420806629 . _:b420806694 "7"^^ . _:b420806695 "7"^^ . _:b420808969 . _:b420806628 . _:b420806692 "7"^^ . _:b420808968 . _:b420806631 . . _:b420808753 . . . _:b420808971 . _:b420806630 . _:b420806693 "7"^^ . . . _:b420806690 "7"^^ . _:b420808970 . _:b420806625 . . . _:b420806691 "7"^^ . _:b420808981 . _:b420806624 . . _:b420806857 . . _:b420808031 . _:b420808973 . _:b420806688 "7"^^ . _:b420808980 . _:b420806627 . . _:b420806689 "7"^^ . _:b420808983 . _:b420806626 . _:b420806374 . . . _:b420810175 . _:b420806702 "7"^^ . _:b420808982 . _:b420806637 . . _:b420806703 "7"^^ . _:b420808988 . _:b420808977 . . _:b420806636 . . _:b420808068 . _:b420806700 "7"^^ . _:b420808976 . _:b420806639 . . . . _:b420806701 "7"^^ . _:b420809426 . _:b420808979 . _:b420806638 . . . _:b420808978 . _:b420807212 . _:b420806633 . _:b420806698 "7"^^ . _:b420806699 "7"^^ . _:b420808989 . _:b420806632 . . _:b420806866 . _:b420809582 . . . _:b420806696 "7"^^ . _:b420808988 . _:b420806635 . _:b420808605 . _:b420806697 "7"^^ . _:b420808991 . _:b420806634 . . _:b420811060 . _:b420806710 "7"^^ . _:b420808990 . _:b420806645 . . _:b420808985 . _:b420806644 . _:b420806711 "7"^^ . . _:b420807827 . . . . _:b420808984 . _:b420806647 . _:b420806708 "7"^^ . . _:b420806709 "7"^^ . _:b420808987 . _:b420806646 . . . _:b420806706 "7"^^ . _:b420808986 . _:b420806641 . _:b420806707 "7"^^ . _:b420808997 . _:b420806640 . _:b420806704 "7"^^ . _:b420808996 . _:b420806643 . _:b420806705 "7"^^ . _:b420809819 . _:b420808999 . _:b420806642 . _:b420807557 . _:b420806718 "7"^^ . _:b420808998 . _:b420806653 . _:b420806719 "7"^^ . _:b420808993 . _:b420806652 . _:b420806716 "7"^^ . _:b420808992 . _:b420806655 . . . _:b420810664 . _:b420806717 "7"^^ . _:b420808995 . _:b420806654 . . . _:b420806714 "7"^^ . _:b420808994 . _:b420806649 . _:b420810039 . _:b420806502 . _:b420806715 "7"^^ . _:b420809005 . _:b420806648 . . . _:b420808280 . _:b420806712 "7"^^ . _:b420809004 . _:b420806651 . _:b420809983 . _:b420809198 . . _:b420809007 . _:b420806650 . _:b420806713 "7"^^ . _:b420810068 . _:b420806726 "7"^^ . _:b420809006 . . _:b420811104 . . _:b420810308 . _:b420806727 "7"^^ . _:b420809001 . _:b420809630 . _:b420806724 "7"^^ . _:b420809000 . _:b420808690 . _:b420809909 . _:b420806725 "7"^^ . _:b420809003 . _:b420806926 . _:b420806722 "7"^^ . _:b420809002 . _:b420807868 . _:b420806723 "7"^^ . _:b420809013 . . _:b420811040 . _:b420810013 . . _:b420809012 . _:b420806720 "7"^^ . . _:b420809289 . _:b420810235 . _:b420806721 "7"^^ . _:b420809015 . _:b420806734 "7"^^ . _:b420809014 . _:b420806735 "7"^^ . _:b420809009 . _:b420806732 "7"^^ . _:b420809008 . _:b420808261 . . . _:b420806733 "7"^^ . _:b420809011 . . _:b420811032 . . _:b420806730 "7"^^ . _:b420809010 . . _:b420809776 . _:b420806731 "7"^^ . _:b420809021 . . _:b420810588 . . _:b420809020 . _:b420806728 "7"^^ . _:b420806511 . _:b420806729 "7"^^ . _:b420809255 . _:b420809023 . _:b420808260 . . . _:b420806742 "6"^^ . _:b420807754 . _:b420809022 . _:b420806743 "6"^^ . _:b420806784 . . _:b420809017 . _:b420807140 . . _:b420806740 "6"^^ . _:b420809970 . . _:b420809016 . . _:b420806741 "6"^^ . _:b420809019 . _:b420810564 . _:b420808740 . _:b420806738 "6"^^ . . _:b420809018 . . _:b420808499 . . . _:b420806739 "6"^^ . _:b420809029 . _:b420806736 "7"^^ . _:b420809028 . _:b420806737 "6"^^ . _:b420809854 . . _:b420809031 . _:b420808962 . _:b420807546 . _:b420807568 . _:b420806750 "6"^^ . _:b420809030 . . _:b420806751 "6"^^ . . _:b420809025 . . . _:b420807223 . _:b420809178 . _:b420807753 . _:b420806748 "6"^^ . _:b420807921 . _:b420809024 . . _:b420809800 . _:b420806749 "6"^^ . _:b420809027 . . _:b420806746 "6"^^ . _:b420809026 . _:b420809767 . . _:b420806747 "6"^^ . _:b420809037 . _:b420806346 . _:b420806744 "6"^^ . _:b420809036 . _:b420806366 . _:b420806745 "6"^^ . _:b420809039 . . _:b420806758 "6"^^ . _:b420809038 . . _:b420806759 "6"^^ . _:b420809033 . _:b420809654 . _:b420806756 "6"^^ . _:b420809032 . _:b420806872 . _:b420806757 "6"^^ . _:b420810578 . _:b420809035 . . . _:b420808794 . _:b420806754 "6"^^ . _:b420809034 . . _:b420806755 "6"^^ . _:b420809045 . . . . _:b420806752 "6"^^ . _:b420809044 . _:b420809408 . _:b420806753 "6"^^ . _:b420809047 . . _:b420806766 "6"^^ . . . _:b420809046 . . _:b420806767 "6"^^ . _:b420809041 . _:b420806764 "6"^^ . . _:b420809040 . _:b420807207 . _:b420806765 "6"^^ . _:b420809043 . _:b420809390 . _:b420806762 "6"^^ . . _:b420809042 . _:b420810710 . _:b420806763 "6"^^ . _:b420809053 . _:b420806760 "6"^^ . _:b420809052 . _:b420806761 "6"^^ . _:b420807700 . _:b420809055 . _:b420809068 . _:b420808304 . . _:b420806774 "6"^^ . _:b420809054 . _:b6610667 . _:b420806775 "6"^^ . _:b420809049 . . . _:b420806772 "6"^^ . . _:b420809048 . _:b420808311 . _:b420806773 "6"^^ . _:b420809051 . _:b420809550 . _:b420806770 "6"^^ . _:b420809050 . _:b420806771 "6"^^ . _:b420809061 . . _:b420806768 "6"^^ . _:b420809060 . . _:b420806769 "6"^^ . _:b420809063 . . . _:b420806782 "6"^^ . _:b420809062 . _:b420806783 "6"^^ . . _:b420809057 . _:b420807599 . . _:b420806780 "6"^^ . _:b420810753 . _:b420809056 . _:b420806781 "6"^^ . _:b420809059 . . _:b420806778 "6"^^ . _:b420809058 . _:b420809113 . _:b420806782 . . _:b420806779 "6"^^ . . _:b420809069 . . _:b420806776 "6"^^ . _:b420809068 . . _:b6610709 . . _:b420806777 "6"^^ . _:b420809071 . _:b420806790 "6"^^ . . _:b420809869 . _:b420809070 . . _:b420806791 "6"^^ . . _:b420810169 . _:b420809065 . _:b420806865 . _:b420806788 "6"^^ . _:b420809064 . . _:b420806789 "6"^^ . _:b420808175 . _:b420809067 . _:b420806786 "6"^^ . _:b420806980 . _:b420809066 . _:b420811080 . _:b420806787 "6"^^ . _:b420807689 . _:b420809077 . _:b420806784 "6"^^ . _:b420809076 . . _:b420806785 "6"^^ . _:b420808130 . _:b420809569 . _:b420809079 . _:b420810571 . _:b420806798 "6"^^ . _:b420807946 . _:b420806707 . _:b420809078 . _:b420806799 "6"^^ . _:b420807243 . _:b420809073 . _:b420806796 "6"^^ . _:b420809072 . _:b420806797 "6"^^ . _:b420809075 . _:b420809845 . . _:b420809874 . _:b420806794 "6"^^ . _:b420809074 . . _:b420806795 "6"^^ . . _:b420809085 . . _:b420810604 . _:b420806403 . . _:b420808691 . _:b420806792 "6"^^ . . _:b420809084 . _:b420808002 . . . _:b420808936 . _:b420806793 "6"^^ . _:b420809051 . _:b420809087 . _:b420806806 "6"^^ . _:b420810336 . _:b420809086 . _:b420807646 . _:b420806807 "6"^^ . _:b420809526 . _:b420809081 . . _:b420806804 "6"^^ . . _:b420809080 . _:b420806805 "6"^^ . _:b420809083 . . . _:b420806802 "6"^^ . _:b420807419 . _:b420809082 . _:b420806803 "6"^^ . _:b420809093 . _:b420810078 . _:b420806800 "6"^^ . _:b420809092 . . _:b420806801 "6"^^ . . _:b420809095 . _:b420811031 . _:b420806814 "6"^^ . _:b420809094 . . _:b420806815 "6"^^ . _:b420809089 . _:b420806812 "6"^^ . _:b420809816 . _:b420808034 . _:b420809088 . _:b420806813 "6"^^ . _:b420809091 . _:b420806810 "6"^^ . _:b420809090 . _:b420806811 "6"^^ . _:b420809101 . . . _:b420806808 "6"^^ . _:b420809415 . _:b420809100 . _:b420806809 "6"^^ . _:b420809103 . _:b420806821 . _:b420806822 "6"^^ . _:b420809102 . . _:b6610722 . _:b420807001 . . . _:b420806612 . _:b420806823 "6"^^ . _:b420808736 . _:b420809097 . _:b420806820 "6"^^ . _:b420809096 . . _:b420806821 "6"^^ . _:b420809099 . _:b420806818 "6"^^ . _:b420808312 . _:b420808958 . _:b420809098 . . _:b420811208 . . _:b420806819 "6"^^ . _:b420809109 . _:b420806816 "6"^^ . _:b420810683 . _:b420809108 . _:b420810507 . . _:b420806971 . _:b420806817 "6"^^ . _:b420809111 . . _:b420806830 "6"^^ . _:b420809110 . _:b420806831 "6"^^ . _:b420809105 . _:b420810634 . _:b420806828 "6"^^ . _:b420807293 . _:b420809104 . _:b420809778 . _:b6610657 . _:b420806829 "6"^^ . _:b420810129 . _:b420809107 . . _:b420806826 "6"^^ . _:b420808440 . _:b420809106 . _:b420806827 "6"^^ . _:b420807981 . . _:b420810205 . _:b420809117 . . . _:b420808219 . _:b420806824 "6"^^ . _:b420809116 . . _:b420806825 "6"^^ . _:b420811140 . . _:b420809119 . . _:b420807519 . . _:b420806838 "6"^^ . _:b420806577 . _:b420809118 . _:b420808275 . _:b420807300 . _:b420806839 "6"^^ . _:b420809113 . . _:b420806836 "6"^^ . _:b420809112 . _:b420810049 . _:b420806837 "6"^^ . _:b420810035 . _:b420807120 . _:b420809940 . _:b420809115 . _:b420808430 . _:b420810925 . _:b420806834 "6"^^ . _:b420808554 . _:b420809114 . . _:b420806550 . . _:b420806833 . _:b420806835 "6"^^ . _:b420809125 . _:b420811203 . _:b420806832 "6"^^ . . _:b420809124 . . _:b420810320 . _:b420806833 "6"^^ . _:b420807848 . . _:b420809127 . _:b420806846 "6"^^ . _:b420809126 . . _:b420809276 . _:b420806847 "6"^^ . _:b420809121 . _:b420806844 "6"^^ . _:b420806271 . _:b420809120 . . _:b420806845 "6"^^ . _:b420806270 . _:b420809123 . _:b420806842 "6"^^ . _:b420809122 . . _:b420806843 "6"^^ . . _:b420809133 . . _:b420806840 "6"^^ . _:b420809132 . _:b6610660 "Recent studies indicate that continued Foxp3 expression is necessary for sustaining T reg cell function (Kim et al., 2007; Williams and Rudensky, >>2007<<). Therefore, we investigated whether PD-L1 influences the maintenance of Foxp3 expression and iT reg cell suppressive function. We induced T reg cell development by culturing naive CD45.1\u2212 T cells with either PD-L1\u2013Ig beads or control Ig" . _:b420807228 . . _:b420807624 . _:b420806841 "6"^^ . _:b420809135 . . . . _:b420809608 . _:b420806854 "6"^^ . _:b420806277 . _:b420809134 . _:b420807465 . . _:b420806855 "6"^^ . _:b420806276 . _:b420809129 . _:b420806852 "6"^^ . _:b420806279 . _:b420809128 . _:b420810586 . _:b420811033 . _:b420807845 . _:b420806853 "6"^^ . . _:b420806278 . _:b420809131 . . _:b420807299 . _:b420806850 "6"^^ . _:b420810952 . _:b420808597 . _:b420806273 . _:b420809130 . _:b420806851 "6"^^ . _:b420806272 . _:b420809141 . _:b420810622 . . . . _:b420806848 "6"^^ . . _:b420809140 . _:b420806275 . _:b420807933 . . _:b420806849 "6"^^ . _:b420808600 . _:b420806274 . _:b420809143 . . _:b420808086 . . _:b420806862 "6"^^ . _:b420806285 . _:b420809777 . _:b420809142 . . _:b420806863 "6"^^ . _:b420809046 . _:b420806284 . _:b420809137 . . _:b420808491 . _:b420806860 "6"^^ . _:b420806287 . _:b420809136 . _:b420807483 . . . _:b420806861 "6"^^ . _:b420806286 . _:b6610708 "reg cells, Foxp3 conveys regulatory activity to nT reg cells, iT reg cells, and, upon ectopic expression, in conventional T cells (Schubert et al., 2001; Fontenot et al. 2003, 2005; Hori et al., 2003; Gavin et al., 2007; Hill et al., >>2007<<). PD-L1 can induce and maintain the expression of Foxp3 in iT reg cells, suggesting that PD-L1 may function to stabilize and sustain T reg cell function in the periphery, similar to effects reported for TGF-\u03B2 (Marie et al., 2005; Pyzik" . _:b420809139 . _:b420810768 . _:b420806858 "6"^^ . . _:b420809138 . _:b420806281 . . _:b420808209 . _:b420806859 "6"^^ . _:b420806280 . _:b420809149 . . . _:b420806856 "6"^^ . _:b6610677 "Our bone marrow chimera studies have demonstrated an important role for PD-L1 on nonhematopoietic cells in mediating tissue tolerance (Keir et al., >>2006<<). Our findings of critical roles for PD-L1 in the development and maintenance of iT reg cell function suggest that PD-L1 may protect tissues from the potentially pathogenic self-reactive T eff cells not only by inhibiting the function of" . _:b420806283 . _:b420809148 . _:b420807352 . . . _:b420806857 "6"^^ . _:b420806282 . _:b420809151 . _:b420808030 . _:b420810247 . _:b420806870 "6"^^ . _:b420806293 . _:b420809150 . . _:b420806871 "6"^^ . _:b420806292 . _:b420809145 . _:b420809508 . . _:b420806868 "6"^^ . _:b420806295 . _:b420809144 . _:b420806869 "6"^^ . _:b420806294 . _:b420809147 . _:b420806866 "6"^^ . . _:b420806289 . _:b420810158 . _:b420809146 . . _:b420806867 "6"^^ . . _:b420809157 . _:b420806288 . . _:b420807888 . . _:b420806864 "6"^^ . _:b420807050 . . _:b420809156 . _:b420806291 . _:b420806865 "6"^^ . . _:b420809159 . _:b420806929 . _:b420806290 . . . _:b420806878 "6"^^ . . _:b420809158 . _:b420806301 . . _:b420809836 . _:b420806879 "6"^^ . _:b420806300 . _:b420809153 . . _:b420806876 "6"^^ . _:b420811081 . _:b420810155 . _:b420806303 . _:b420809258 . _:b420809152 . . _:b420808088 . _:b420806877 "6"^^ . _:b420806302 . _:b420809155 . . _:b420806874 "6"^^ . _:b420806297 . _:b420809154 . . _:b420806875 "6"^^ . _:b420809152 . . _:b420806296 . _:b420809165 . _:b420806872 "6"^^ . _:b420810873 . _:b420810195 . _:b420806299 . _:b420809164 . _:b420809754 . . _:b420806873 "6"^^ . _:b420806298 . _:b420809167 . . _:b420806886 "6"^^ . _:b420806309 . _:b420809166 . _:b420810154 . _:b420806308 . _:b420810288 . _:b420809161 . _:b420810969 . _:b420806884 "6"^^ . . _:b420809160 . _:b420806311 . . _:b420806887 "5"^^ . _:b420807837 . _:b420806885 "6"^^ . _:b420806310 . _:b420809163 . . _:b420806882 "6"^^ . _:b420806305 . _:b420810464 . _:b420809162 . _:b420807358 . _:b420809889 . _:b420806883 "6"^^ . _:b420806304 . _:b420809173 . _:b420809807 . _:b420806880 "6"^^ . _:b420806402 . _:b420809172 . _:b420806307 . . _:b420806881 "6"^^ . _:b420806306 . _:b420809175 . _:b420806571 . _:b420809174 . _:b420806317 . . _:b420806893 "5"^^ . . _:b420809169 . _:b420808188 . _:b420806316 . . _:b420806892 "5"^^ . _:b420806319 . _:b420809168 . . _:b420806948 . _:b420806895 "5"^^ . _:b420810191 . . _:b420809171 . _:b420806318 . . _:b420806894 "5"^^ . _:b420810597 . . . _:b420809170 . _:b420806313 . _:b420806889 "5"^^ . _:b420809013 . _:b420807722 . . _:b420806312 . _:b420809181 . _:b420806888 "5"^^ . _:b420806315 . _:b420809180 . . _:b420806891 "5"^^ . _:b420806314 . _:b420809183 . _:b420806890 "5"^^ . _:b6610686 "with unfavorable prognosis in several cancers (Dong et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2002; Strome et al., 2003; Konishi et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2004; Blank et al., 2005; Hirano et al., 2005; Ohigashi et al., 2005; Dorfman et al., >>2006<<; Wu et al., 2006; Inman et al., 2007; Nakanishi et al., 2007; Nomi et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008)." . _:b420806325 . _:b420809182 . . _:b420806901 "5"^^ . _:b420806324 . _:b420809177 . _:b420806900 "5"^^ . _:b420806327 . _:b420809176 . _:b420806903 "5"^^ . . . _:b420809179 . _:b420806326 . _:b420806902 "5"^^ . _:b420809047 . _:b420806321 . _:b420809178 . . _:b420806897 "5"^^ . _:b420806320 . _:b420809189 . _:b420807660 . _:b420806458 . _:b420806896 "5"^^ . _:b420806463 . _:b420806323 . _:b420809188 . _:b420806899 "5"^^ . _:b420809421 . _:b420806322 . _:b420809191 . _:b420806898 "5"^^ . _:b420810347 . _:b420806333 . _:b420809190 . . _:b420806909 "5"^^ . . _:b420809185 . _:b420806332 . . _:b420806908 "5"^^ . . _:b420806335 . _:b420809184 . _:b420806911 "5"^^ . _:b420807626 . . _:b420806334 . _:b420809187 . _:b420806910 "5"^^ . . . _:b420809186 . _:b420806329 . . _:b420806905 "5"^^ . _:b420806328 . _:b420809197 . . . _:b420806904 "5"^^ . . _:b420809196 . _:b420806331 . _:b420811212 . . _:b420806907 "5"^^ . . _:b420809199 . _:b420806330 . _:b420806906 "5"^^ . _:b420806341 . _:b420809198 . . _:b420806917 "5"^^ . _:b420807318 . _:b420810469 . _:b420806340 . _:b420809193 . _:b420806916 "5"^^ . _:b420807129 . . . _:b420810813 . _:b420808615 . _:b420806343 . _:b420809192 . . _:b420806919 "5"^^ . . _:b420806342 . _:b420809195 . _:b420806918 "5"^^ . _:b420806337 . _:b420809194 . . _:b420806913 "5"^^ . _:b420806336 . _:b420809205 . . _:b420806912 "5"^^ . . _:b420806339 . _:b420809204 . . _:b420806353 . . _:b420806915 "5"^^ . . _:b420806338 . _:b420809207 . _:b420809039 . _:b420809077 . _:b420806914 "5"^^ . . _:b420810791 . . _:b420809206 . _:b420806349 . _:b420810022 . _:b420806925 "5"^^ . _:b420806348 . _:b420809838 . _:b420809201 . _:b420808774 . _:b420806333 . _:b420806924 "5"^^ . _:b420806351 . _:b420809200 . . _:b420806927 "5"^^ . _:b420806350 . _:b420809203 . . _:b420806926 "5"^^ . . _:b420809202 . _:b420806345 . . _:b420810590 . _:b420806921 "5"^^ . _:b420806344 . _:b420809213 . _:b420806920 "5"^^ . _:b420806347 . _:b420809212 . . _:b420806923 "5"^^ . _:b420806346 . _:b420809215 . _:b420806922 "5"^^ . _:b420806357 . _:b420809214 . _:b420806933 "5"^^ . . _:b420806378 . . _:b420809209 . _:b420806356 . _:b420806932 "5"^^ . . _:b420809208 . _:b420806359 . . _:b420806935 "5"^^ . . . . _:b420810713 . _:b420809211 . _:b420806358 . _:b420809756 . _:b420806934 "5"^^ . _:b420806353 . _:b420809210 . _:b420806929 "5"^^ . . . _:b420808709 . _:b420806352 . _:b420806928 "5"^^ . _:b420806355 . _:b420808708 . _:b420806931 "5"^^ . _:b420806354 . _:b420808711 . _:b420806930 "5"^^ . _:b420806365 . _:b420808710 . _:b420806941 "5"^^ . _:b420806364 . _:b420808705 . _:b420806940 "5"^^ . _:b420809269 . _:b6610685 "strongly correlate with unfavorable prognosis in several cancers (Dong et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2002; Strome et al., 2003; Konishi et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2004; Blank et al., 2005; Hirano et al., 2005; Ohigashi et al., >>2005<<; Dorfman et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006; Inman et al., 2007; Nakanishi et al., 2007; Nomi et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008)." . _:b420809449 . _:b420806367 . _:b420808704 . _:b420810359 . . _:b420806943 "5"^^ . _:b420809880 . . _:b420808707 . _:b420806366 . . . _:b420806942 "5"^^ . _:b420810909 . _:b420806361 . _:b420810827 . _:b420808706 . . _:b420806937 "5"^^ . _:b420809169 . _:b420806360 . _:b420808717 . _:b420806936 "5"^^ . _:b420810667 . _:b420809104 . _:b420806363 . _:b420808716 . . . _:b6610719 "Previous work has shown that truncation of TCR signaling and inhibition of the Akt\u2013mTOR signaling axis is critical for T reg cell development (Qu et al., 2007; Strauss et al., 2007; Haxhinasto et al., >>2008<<; Long and Buckner, 2008; Sauer et al., 2008)." . _:b420806939 "5"^^ . _:b420806362 . _:b420808719 . . _:b420806938 "5"^^ . _:b420806373 . _:b420808718 . _:b420806949 "5"^^ . _:b420806372 . _:b420810181 . _:b420809118 . _:b420808713 . _:b420809445 . _:b420806948 "5"^^ . _:b420806375 . _:b420809368 . _:b420808712 . _:b420807771 . _:b420806307 . _:b420806951 "5"^^ . _:b420809922 . _:b420806374 . _:b420808715 . . _:b420806950 "5"^^ . _:b420806369 . _:b420808714 . _:b420806945 "5"^^ . _:b420810373 . . _:b420806368 . _:b420808725 . _:b420811017 . _:b420806944 "5"^^ . _:b420806371 . _:b420808724 . . _:b420806947 "5"^^ . _:b420806370 . _:b420809579 . _:b420808727 . . _:b420806946 "5"^^ . _:b420810756 . . _:b420810757 . _:b420808726 . _:b420806381 . _:b420810758 . _:b420806814 . _:b420806957 "5"^^ . _:b420810759 . . _:b420810752 . . _:b420808721 . _:b420806380 . . _:b420810753 . _:b420810754 . _:b420810755 . _:b420806956 "5"^^ . _:b420810764 . _:b420810765 . _:b420808720 . _:b420806383 . _:b420810766 . . _:b420810767 . _:b420806959 "5"^^ . _:b420810760 . _:b420811021 . _:b420810761 . _:b420808723 . _:b420806382 . _:b420810762 . _:b420808028 . _:b420810763 . _:b420806958 "5"^^ . _:b420810772 . . _:b420810773 . _:b420808722 . _:b420806377 . _:b420810774 . . . _:b420806953 "5"^^ . _:b420810775 . _:b420810768 . _:b420810769 . _:b420808733 . _:b420806376 . _:b420810770 . _:b420810771 . _:b420806952 "5"^^ . . _:b420810780 . _:b420810781 . _:b420808732 . _:b420806379 . _:b420810782 . 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"5"^^ . _:b420810835 . _:b420810844 . _:b420810845 . _:b420808748 . _:b420806395 . _:b420810846 . _:b420807877 . . _:b420810847 . _:b420806971 "5"^^ . _:b420810840 . _:b420810841 . _:b420809316 . _:b420808751 . _:b420806646 . _:b420806394 . _:b420810842 . _:b420808801 . _:b420810843 . _:b420806970 "5"^^ . _:b420810852 . _:b420806970 . _:b420810853 . _:b420808750 . _:b420810854 . . _:b420806981 "5"^^ . _:b420810855 . _:b420810848 . _:b420809769 . . _:b420808745 . _:b420810849 . _:b420810850 . _:b420810851 . _:b420806980 "5"^^ . . _:b420810860 . _:b420809054 . _:b420810861 . _:b420809321 . _:b420808744 . _:b420810862 . _:b420810490 . _:b420810863 . _:b420809709 . _:b420806983 "5"^^ . _:b420810856 . . _:b420808747 . . _:b420810857 . _:b420806763 . _:b420810858 . _:b420810859 . _:b420806982 "5"^^ . _:b420810868 . _:b420810869 . _:b420808746 . _:b420810870 . _:b420809239 . _:b420810871 . _:b420806977 "5"^^ . _:b420810864 . _:b420810865 . _:b420808757 . _:b420810866 . . _:b420810867 . 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_:b420808828 . _:b420811166 . _:b420810059 . _:b420811167 . _:b420807051 "5"^^ . . _:b420811160 . . _:b420811161 . _:b420808831 . _:b420811162 . _:b420811163 . _:b420807765 . _:b420807050 "5"^^ . _:b420811172 . _:b420811173 . _:b420808830 . _:b420811174 . _:b420811175 . _:b420809319 . _:b420807061 "5"^^ . _:b420811168 . . _:b420808825 . _:b420811169 . _:b420811170 . . _:b420811171 . _:b420807060 "5"^^ . _:b420811180 . . _:b420808824 . _:b420811181 . _:b420811182 . _:b420811183 . _:b420807063 "5"^^ . _:b420811176 . _:b420811177 . _:b420808827 . _:b420811178 . _:b420811179 . _:b420808733 . _:b420807062 "5"^^ . _:b420811188 . _:b420811189 . _:b420808826 . . _:b420809856 . _:b420811190 . _:b420811191 . _:b420807057 "5"^^ . . _:b420811184 . _:b420810319 . . _:b420808837 . _:b420811185 . _:b420811186 . _:b420808994 . . _:b420807056 "5"^^ . _:b420811187 . _:b420811196 . _:b420811197 . _:b420808836 . . _:b420811198 . _:b420811199 . _:b420807059 "5"^^ . _:b420811192 . _:b420811193 . _:b420808839 . _:b420811194 . _:b420811195 . _:b420807058 "5"^^ . _:b420811204 . . _:b420808838 . _:b420811205 . _:b420811206 . _:b420811207 . _:b420807069 "5"^^ . _:b420811200 . _:b420809012 . . _:b420808833 . _:b420811201 . _:b420811202 . _:b420811203 . _:b420807068 "5"^^ . _:b420811212 . _:b420811213 . _:b420808832 . _:b420811214 . . _:b420809036 . _:b420807071 "5"^^ . _:b420811215 . . _:b420810287 . _:b420811208 . _:b420811209 . _:b420808835 . _:b420811210 . _:b420809132 . _:b420811211 . _:b420809558 . _:b420807070 "5"^^ . . _:b420808834 . _:b420806967 . . _:b420807065 "5"^^ . _:b420811216 . . . _:b420808845 . _:b420811217 . . . _:b420807064 "5"^^ . _:b420808844 . . _:b420807067 "5"^^ . _:b420806780 . _:b420808847 . _:b420807066 "5"^^ . _:b420808846 . . _:b420807077 "5"^^ . _:b420808841 . _:b420807076 "5"^^ . _:b420808840 . _:b420807079 "5"^^ . _:b420808406 . _:b6610713 . _:b420808843 . . _:b420807078 "5"^^ . . _:b420808842 . _:b420809531 . . _:b420807073 "5"^^ . _:b420808853 . . _:b420808111 . _:b420807072 "5"^^ . _:b420808852 . _:b420807075 "5"^^ . _:b420808855 . . _:b420807074 "5"^^ . _:b6610708 . . _:b420808854 . . . _:b420806898 . _:b420807085 "5"^^ . _:b420810936 . _:b420808814 . _:b420808849 . _:b420810463 . _:b420807084 "5"^^ . _:b420809628 . _:b420808848 . _:b420807087 "5"^^ . _:b420809050 . _:b420808851 . _:b420809187 . . _:b420807086 "5"^^ . . _:b420808850 . _:b420807081 "5"^^ . _:b6610712 "It has been suggested that although Foxp3 expression is a salient feature of the regulatory cell signature, it is not the master regulator of T reg cell development (Ramsdell, 2003; Collison et al., >>2007<<; Hill et al., 2007)." . _:b420808861 . _:b420809091 . _:b420807080 "5"^^ . _:b420808860 . _:b420807083 "5"^^ . _:b420810121 . _:b420808863 . _:b420807082 "5"^^ . _:b420808862 . _:b420807093 "5"^^ . . _:b420808857 . _:b420807092 "5"^^ . _:b420808856 . _:b420807095 "5"^^ . . _:b420806604 . _:b420808859 . . . _:b420807094 "5"^^ . _:b420810653 . _:b420809144 . _:b420806801 . _:b420808858 . _:b420807089 "5"^^ . _:b420808869 . _:b420807088 "5"^^ . _:b420808601 . _:b420808868 . _:b420807091 "5"^^ . . _:b420808871 . . _:b420807090 "5"^^ . _:b420808870 . _:b420809295 . _:b420807101 "5"^^ . . _:b420808865 . _:b420807940 . _:b420807100 "5"^^ . _:b420808864 . _:b420807103 "5"^^ . . . _:b420808867 . _:b420807102 "5"^^ . _:b420808867 . _:b420808866 . _:b420806879 . _:b420807097 "5"^^ . _:b420806467 . _:b420810998 . _:b420808877 . _:b420806907 . . _:b420807096 "5"^^ . . _:b420808876 . _:b420807099 "5"^^ . . _:b420806595 . _:b420808879 . . _:b420807098 "5"^^ . . _:b420808878 . _:b420806869 . _:b420809924 . _:b420807109 "5"^^ . _:b420810420 . _:b420808873 . _:b420807108 "5"^^ . _:b420808872 . . _:b420807111 "5"^^ . _:b420808875 . _:b420807110 "5"^^ . _:b420808874 . _:b420807325 . _:b420807105 "5"^^ . _:b420808885 . _:b420807104 "5"^^ . _:b420811038 . _:b420807994 . _:b420808884 . _:b420807107 "5"^^ . _:b420808887 . _:b420807106 "5"^^ . _:b420808886 . _:b420807117 "5"^^ . _:b420809990 . _:b420808881 . . . _:b420807116 "5"^^ . _:b420808880 . . _:b420807119 "5"^^ . _:b420806522 . _:b420807049 . _:b420808883 . _:b420807118 "5"^^ . . _:b420808882 . . _:b420807113 "5"^^ . . _:b420808893 . _:b420807112 "5"^^ . _:b420808892 . _:b420810428 . _:b6610720 "Previous work has shown that truncation of TCR signaling and inhibition of the Akt\u2013mTOR signaling axis is critical for T reg cell development (Qu et al., 2007; Strauss et al., 2007; Haxhinasto et al., 2008; Long and Buckner, >>2008<<; Sauer et al., 2008)." . _:b420807115 "5"^^ . _:b420808895 . _:b420807114 "5"^^ . _:b420808894 . _:b420807125 "5"^^ . . _:b420808889 . _:b420807124 "5"^^ . _:b420808888 . . _:b420810989 . _:b420807127 "5"^^ . _:b420807038 . _:b420808891 . _:b420806860 . _:b420807126 "5"^^ . . . . _:b420808890 . _:b420807636 . _:b420807121 "5"^^ . _:b420808955 . _:b420807651 . _:b420808901 . . . _:b420807120 "5"^^ . _:b420809332 . _:b420808900 . . _:b420807123 "5"^^ . . _:b420808903 . _:b420809982 . _:b420807122 "5"^^ . _:b420808902 . . _:b420807133 "4"^^ . . _:b420808897 . _:b420807132 "4"^^ . . _:b420808896 . _:b420807135 "4"^^ . _:b420809863 . . _:b6610717 . _:b420807412 . . _:b420808899 . _:b420807134 "4"^^ . _:b420808956 . . _:b420808898 . _:b420807129 "4"^^ . _:b420808909 . _:b420807128 "4"^^ . _:b420808908 . _:b420807131 "4"^^ . _:b420811034 . . . _:b420808911 . _:b420807130 "4"^^ . _:b420807524 . . _:b420808910 . . _:b420807141 "4"^^ . _:b420810845 . . _:b420808568 . _:b420808905 . _:b420807140 "4"^^ . _:b420809713 . _:b420807829 . _:b420808904 . _:b420807143 "4"^^ . . _:b420808907 . _:b420807142 "4"^^ . _:b420810375 . . _:b420808906 . _:b420807137 "4"^^ . . _:b420808917 . _:b420807136 "4"^^ . _:b420808916 . . _:b420808018 . _:b420807139 "4"^^ . _:b420810094 . _:b420808704 . _:b420808919 . . _:b420807432 . _:b420807138 "4"^^ . _:b420808918 . _:b420807149 "4"^^ . . . _:b420808913 . _:b420807148 "4"^^ . _:b420808912 . _:b420807151 "4"^^ . . _:b420807960 . . _:b420808915 . _:b420807150 "4"^^ . _:b420808914 . _:b420807145 "4"^^ . _:b420809621 . . . _:b420808925 . _:b420807144 "4"^^ . _:b420808924 . _:b420807147 "4"^^ . _:b420808927 . _:b420807146 "4"^^ . . . _:b420808926 . _:b420807157 "4"^^ . _:b420808024 . _:b420808112 . _:b420808921 . _:b420807156 "4"^^ . _:b420807573 . _:b420807664 . _:b420807407 . _:b420808920 . _:b420807159 "4"^^ . _:b420810077 . . _:b420808923 . _:b420807158 "4"^^ . . _:b420807492 . _:b420807489 . . _:b420808922 . _:b420807153 "4"^^ . . _:b420808933 . _:b420807152 "4"^^ . _:b420808932 . _:b6610725 "There is great interest in generating T reg cells ex vivo as a therapy for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection (Roncarolo and Battaglia, >>2007<<). However, recent studies indicate that T reg cells exhibit functional plasticity and can produce proinflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation (Joetham et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008)." . _:b420807155 "4"^^ . . . _:b420808935 . _:b420808787 . _:b420807154 "4"^^ . . _:b420808934 . . _:b420809323 . _:b420807732 . _:b420807165 "4"^^ . . _:b420808929 . _:b420807164 "4"^^ . . _:b420808928 . _:b420807167 "4"^^ . . _:b420808931 . _:b420810776 . _:b420807166 "4"^^ . . _:b420808930 . _:b420807161 "4"^^ . . _:b420808941 . _:b420807160 "4"^^ . . _:b420808940 . _:b420807163 "4"^^ . _:b420806340 . _:b420808943 . _:b420807162 "4"^^ . _:b420810245 "2"^^ . _:b420806704 . _:b420808942 . . _:b420810244 "2"^^ . _:b420807723 . _:b420808937 . _:b420808392 . _:b420810247 "2"^^ . _:b420808936 . _:b420810246 "2"^^ . _:b420808369 . _:b420808939 . _:b420810241 "2"^^ . _:b420808938 . . . _:b420810240 "2"^^ . _:b420809591 . _:b420807834 . _:b420808949 . _:b420810243 "2"^^ . _:b420808948 . _:b420808246 . _:b420810242 "2"^^ . . _:b420808951 . _:b420810253 "2"^^ . _:b420810277 . . _:b420808950 . _:b420810252 "2"^^ . _:b420808945 . _:b420808398 . _:b420810255 "2"^^ . _:b420806429 . _:b420809624 . _:b420808944 . _:b420811110 . _:b420808187 . _:b420810254 "2"^^ . _:b420808947 . _:b420808697 . _:b420810249 "2"^^ . . _:b420808946 . _:b420810248 "2"^^ . _:b420808957 . _:b420810486 . . _:b420810251 "2"^^ . _:b420808956 . _:b420809592 . _:b420810250 "2"^^ . _:b420808959 . _:b420810261 "2"^^ . _:b420808958 . _:b420808674 . _:b420810260 "2"^^ . _:b420808953 . . . _:b420810263 "2"^^ . _:b420808952 . _:b420808057 . _:b420810262 "2"^^ . _:b420808955 . . _:b420809049 . _:b420810257 "2"^^ . _:b420808954 . _:b420810503 . _:b420809411 . _:b420807329 . _:b420810872 . _:b420810256 "2"^^ . . _:b420810259 "2"^^ . _:b420807676 . _:b420810258 "2"^^ . _:b420807319 . _:b420810269 "2"^^ . _:b420806418 . _:b420810268 "2"^^ . _:b420810271 "2"^^ . . _:b420810270 "2"^^ . _:b420810641 . _:b420810139 . _:b420806580 . _:b420810265 "2"^^ . _:b420809965 . _:b420807310 . _:b420809775 . _:b420810264 "2"^^ . _:b420810267 "2"^^ . _:b420808436 . . _:b420810266 "2"^^ . _:b420807339 . _:b420809086 . _:b420810277 "2"^^ . _:b420809391 . . _:b420810276 "2"^^ . . _:b420806937 . _:b420810279 "2"^^ . _:b420809381 . . _:b420810278 "2"^^ . _:b420808329 . . _:b420810273 "2"^^ . . _:b420808495 . . _:b420810272 "2"^^ . _:b420810920 . . _:b420810021 . . _:b420810345 . _:b420810275 "2"^^ . _:b420810274 "2"^^ . . _:b420808530 . _:b420810285 "2"^^ . _:b420806501 . _:b420810284 "2"^^ . . _:b420809622 . _:b420809160 . _:b420810287 "2"^^ . _:b420810286 "2"^^ . . _:b420806862 . _:b420810281 "2"^^ . _:b420808216 . _:b420810280 "2"^^ . _:b420808362 . _:b420810283 "2"^^ . _:b420810282 "2"^^ . . _:b420810293 "2"^^ . _:b420810548 . . _:b420810761 . _:b420810292 "2"^^ . _:b420808926 . _:b420810295 "2"^^ . . _:b420810294 "2"^^ . . _:b420810289 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810288 "2"^^ . _:b420806542 . _:b420807893 . _:b420810291 "2"^^ . _:b420806641 . . _:b420808518 . _:b420810290 "2"^^ . _:b420808496 . _:b420810301 "2"^^ . _:b420807224 . _:b420807238 . . . _:b420810646 . _:b420810300 "2"^^ . _:b420807920 . _:b6610702 . _:b420809719 . _:b420810303 "2"^^ . . _:b420810302 "2"^^ . _:b420810471 . . _:b420810297 "2"^^ . _:b420807083 . _:b420809241 . . _:b420810296 "2"^^ . . _:b420810299 "2"^^ . _:b420810298 "2"^^ . . _:b420808610 . _:b420810309 "2"^^ . . _:b420810308 "2"^^ . . _:b420810017 . _:b420810311 "2"^^ . . _:b420809678 . . . . _:b420810310 "2"^^ . _:b420810305 "2"^^ . _:b420807143 . . . . _:b420810679 . _:b420810304 "2"^^ . . . _:b6610673 "Although TGF-\u03B2 signaling is important for the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells toward Foxp3-expressing cells with suppressive capacity (Chen et al., >>2003<<; Fantini et al., 2004), PD-L1 could induce T reg cells in the absence of exogenous TGF-\u03B2, suggesting that PD-L1 signaling alone can serve to promote iT reg cell development." . _:b420810307 "2"^^ . _:b420807410 . _:b420807843 . . . _:b420810306 "2"^^ . . _:b420809519 . _:b420809263 . _:b420810317 "2"^^ . . . . . _:b420810316 "2"^^ . _:b420808632 . . _:b420808377 . _:b420810319 "2"^^ . . _:b420810318 "2"^^ . _:b420809866 . . _:b420810313 "2"^^ . _:b420810312 "2"^^ . . _:b420810315 "2"^^ . _:b420806694 . . _:b420810314 "2"^^ . . . . _:b420810325 "2"^^ . . _:b420807692 . _:b420810324 "2"^^ . _:b420810327 "2"^^ . _:b420810326 "2"^^ . . _:b420808212 . . . _:b420810321 "2"^^ . _:b420808447 . _:b420810320 "2"^^ . . _:b420806485 . _:b420810323 "2"^^ . _:b420809634 . _:b420810322 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810333 "2"^^ . _:b420807305 . _:b420810332 "2"^^ . . . _:b420807404 . . . _:b420810335 "2"^^ . . _:b420810334 "2"^^ . _:b420809604 . _:b420810329 "2"^^ . . _:b420808765 . _:b420808405 . _:b420810328 "2"^^ . _:b420810804 . _:b420810331 "2"^^ . _:b420810330 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810341 "2"^^ . _:b420810340 "2"^^ . . _:b420810389 . _:b420810343 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810342 "2"^^ . . . . . . . _:b420810337 "2"^^ . _:b420810336 "2"^^ . . . . _:b420810339 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810338 "2"^^ . _:b420807349 . _:b420810349 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810348 "2"^^ . . _:b420810351 "2"^^ . _:b420807691 . _:b420810487 . _:b420809700 . _:b420808553 . _:b420810350 "2"^^ . _:b420810345 "2"^^ . . _:b420810344 "2"^^ . . _:b420810347 "2"^^ . _:b420810346 "2"^^ . _:b420807485 . _:b420810357 "2"^^ . _:b420810356 "2"^^ . . _:b420806614 . _:b420810359 "2"^^ . _:b420810719 . _:b420806734 . . _:b420810358 "2"^^ . _:b6610649 . . _:b420810353 "2"^^ . _:b420809214 . _:b420810352 "2"^^ . . _:b420810355 "2"^^ . . _:b420810354 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810365 "2"^^ . _:b420809934 . . _:b420809900 . . _:b420810364 "2"^^ . _:b420808571 . _:b420810367 "2"^^ . . _:b420810366 "2"^^ . _:b420809923 . _:b420810361 "2"^^ . _:b420811000 . . . _:b420810973 . _:b420810971 . _:b420810360 "2"^^ . _:b420810777 . . _:b420806417 . _:b420810363 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810362 "2"^^ . . _:b420810373 "2"^^ . _:b420806278 . _:b420810372 "2"^^ . . _:b420810375 "2"^^ . _:b420806919 . _:b420806393 . _:b420810374 "2"^^ . . _:b420810369 "2"^^ . _:b420810749 . . _:b420810221 . _:b420810368 "2"^^ . _:b420806810 . . _:b420810371 "2"^^ . . _:b420810370 "2"^^ . . _:b420808498 . _:b420807966 . _:b420810381 "2"^^ . _:b420807974 . _:b420807710 . _:b420807027 . _:b420810380 "2"^^ . _:b420810370 . _:b420806451 . _:b420810383 "2"^^ . _:b420811039 . . . _:b420810382 "2"^^ . . _:b420810377 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810376 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810379 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810378 "2"^^ . _:b420810014 . . . _:b420810389 "2"^^ . . _:b420806663 . _:b420808998 . _:b420810388 "2"^^ . _:b420806873 . . _:b6610725 . _:b420811217 . _:b420810366 . _:b420810391 "2"^^ . . _:b420807037 . _:b420810390 "2"^^ . . . _:b420810385 "2"^^ . . _:b420810759 . . _:b420811013 . _:b420810384 "2"^^ . . _:b420806895 . _:b420809823 . _:b420810686 . _:b420810387 "2"^^ . _:b420810529 . _:b420806673 . _:b420810386 "2"^^ . . . .