_:b210341107 . _:b210341327 "2"^^ . . _:b210341326 "2"^^ . _:b210340963 . _:b210341321 "2"^^ . _:b210341320 "2"^^ . . . . _:b210341323 "2"^^ . _:b210341038 . _:b210341168 . . _:b210341322 "2"^^ . _:b210341333 "2"^^ . . _:b210341332 "2"^^ . _:b210341258 . _:b210341276 . _:b210341335 "2"^^ . . _:b210341334 "2"^^ . _:b210341329 "2"^^ . . _:b210341328 "2"^^ . _:b210341236 . _:b210341331 "2"^^ . _:b210341343 . _:b210341330 "2"^^ . . _:b210341283 . _:b210341341 "2"^^ . . _:b65816 "The cells (500 cells in a volume of 5 \u03BCl) were then implanted into the right caudate nucleus of the brain of C57BL/6 mice by stereotactic injection as previously described (>>3<<, 4)." . _:b210341026 . . _:b210341340 "2"^^ . _:b210341343 "2"^^ . . _:b210341049 . _:b210341342 "2"^^ . _:b65816 . . _:b210341138 . . _:b210341337 "2"^^ . _:b65806 "The SMA 560 cell line was derived from an intracerebral transplant of a spontaneous astrocytoma from a VM/Dk mouse (H-2b) (>>17<<). The SMA 560 cell line was chosen as a control for the B16, since both cell lines are derived from neural crest. EL-4 (H-2b) murine thymoma cells were obtained from American Type Tissue Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). Cell lines were" . . _:b210341141 . _:b210341336 "2"^^ . _:b210340988 . _:b210341339 "2"^^ . _:b210341147 . _:b210341338 "2"^^ . . _:b210341349 "2"^^ . _:b210341017 . _:b210341348 "2"^^ . _:b65826 . _:b210341351 "2"^^ . _:b65805 "Fidler (M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; reference >>16<<). The SMA 560 cell line was derived from an intracerebral transplant of a spontaneous astrocytoma from a VM/Dk mouse (H-2b) (17)." . . . _:b210341350 "2"^^ . _:b210341131 . _:b210341355 . _:b210341345 "2"^^ . _:b210341125 . _:b210341344 "2"^^ . _:b210341124 . _:b210341347 "2"^^ . _:b210341127 . . _:b210341346 "2"^^ . _:b210341161 . _:b210341126 . . _:b210341121 . _:b210341043 . _:b210341356 "2"^^ . _:b210341120 . _:b210340953 . _:b65814 "Crip cells genetically engineered to produce replication-incompetent recombinant retrovirus with an amphotropic host range and with the ability to encode the cDNA for the murine GM-CSF gene were used as previously described (4, >>21<<). B16 cells were infected by exposure to viral supernatants from these cells in the presence of polybrene (Sigma Chemical Co., St." . _:b210341266 . _:b210341292 . _:b210341123 . _:b210341244 . _:b65817 "The cells (500 cells in a volume of 5 \u03BCl) were then implanted into the right caudate nucleus of the brain of C57BL/6 mice by stereotactic injection as previously described (3, >>4<<)." . _:b210340983 . _:b210341122 . _:b210341353 "2"^^ . _:b210341133 . . . _:b210341352 "2"^^ . . _:b210341132 . _:b210341019 . _:b210341152 . _:b210341355 "2"^^ . _:b210341135 . _:b210341263 . . _:b210341354 "2"^^ . _:b210341134 . _:b210340984 . _:b210341134 . _:b210341072 . _:b210341129 . _:b210341128 . . _:b210341131 . _:b210341130 . _:b210341231 . . . _:b210341141 . _:b210341140 . . . _:b210341143 . . _:b210341056 . _:b210341156 . _:b210340961 . _:b210341142 . . _:b210341137 . _:b210341136 . . _:b210341139 . . _:b210341138 . . _:b210341149 . _:b210341170 . . _:b210341148 . _:b210341151 . _:b210341223 . . _:b210340991 . . _:b210341150 . _:b210341145 . _:b210341327 . _:b210341144 . _:b210341147 . . _:b210341146 . _:b210341157 . . _:b210341182 . _:b210341180 . . _:b210341264 . _:b210341045 . _:b210341156 . _:b210341159 . _:b210341090 . _:b210341158 . . _:b210341153 . _:b210341152 . _:b210341018 . _:b210341155 . _:b210341154 . . _:b210341165 . . _:b210341164 . _:b210341167 . _:b210341042 . . _:b210341166 . . _:b210341161 . _:b210341320 . _:b210341160 . . . _:b210341163 . _:b210341318 . _:b210341162 . . _:b210341173 . _:b65824 "Thus, in the next experiment, 500 B16 cells were implanted in the brain of naive mice, and these mice were treated starting 4 d later, at which point vascularized tumor can be demonstrated histologically (>>4<<). Animals received treatments with three intraperitoneal vaccinations spaced 1 wk apart with PBS, DCs pulsed with SMA 560 extract, or DCs pulsed with B16 extract (Fig. 3). Mice in the first two groups had median survivals of 16 d. Mice" . _:b210341169 . _:b210341172 . _:b210341175 . . _:b210341174 . _:b210341169 . _:b210341265 . _:b210341325 . _:b210341015 . _:b210341168 . . . _:b210341171 . _:b210341300 . _:b210341170 . _:b210340989 . . _:b210341181 . _:b210341106 . _:b210341069 . _:b210341180 . _:b210341183 . _:b210341326 . _:b210341182 . _:b210341177 . . _:b210341260 . _:b210341176 . . _:b210341179 . _:b210341331 . _:b210341189 . _:b210341178 . _:b210341190 . . _:b210341346 . _:b210341189 . . . _:b210341050 . _:b210341188 . . _:b210341191 . _:b210341230 . _:b210341190 . _:b210341093 . _:b210341185 . _:b210340974 . . _:b210341184 . _:b210341187 . _:b210341186 . _:b65822 . . _:b210341197 . . _:b210341196 . _:b210341199 . . _:b210341198 . _:b210341193 . _:b210341192 . _:b210341272 . . _:b210341195 . _:b210341250 . _:b65815 . . _:b210341322 . _:b210341194 . . . _:b65814 . _:b210341084 . _:b210341205 . _:b210341315 . . _:b210341204 . . _:b210341082 . _:b210341207 . _:b210341206 . _:b210341065 . _:b210341099 . _:b210341201 . _:b210341200 . _:b210341227 . _:b65819 "We previously demonstrated that the B16 is a poorly immunogenic tumor cell line such that no induction of CTLs occurs after immunization with unmodified parent cells, and such immunization affords no antitumor immunity in vivo (>>4<<)." . _:b210341203 . . . _:b210341202 . _:b210341294 . _:b210341232 . _:b65822 "It has been convincingly demonstrated that vaccination with tumor cells genetically engineered to secrete various cytokines stimulates a potent immune response against tumors outside the CNS (>>21<<, 24, 25). We recently showed that subcutaneous vaccination with B16 cells that are genetically engineered to produce GM-CSF stimulates a potent antitumor immune response against B16 tumors located in the brain and increases the survival" . _:b210341213 . _:b210341212 . _:b210341098 . _:b210341215 . _:b210341280 . . . _:b210341047 . _:b210341214 . _:b210341209 . . _:b210341345 . _:b210341208 . _:b210341030 . . _:b210341211 . . _:b210341210 . _:b210341221 . _:b210341220 . _:b210341299 . _:b210341223 . _:b210341061 . _:b210341222 . _:b65804 "materials and methods" . _:b210341217 . _:b210341216 . _:b210341222 . . _:b210341219 . . _:b210341000 . . _:b210341218 . _:b210341229 . _:b210341103 . _:b210341228 . . _:b210341231 . _:b65825 "discussion" . . _:b210341230 . _:b210341225 . _:b210341224 . _:b210340995 . _:b210341227 . . _:b210341186 . _:b210341226 . _:b210340998 . _:b210341218 . _:b210341237 . _:b210341195 . _:b210341342 . _:b210341236 . _:b210341119 . _:b210340959 . _:b210341239 . _:b210341238 . _:b210341062 . . _:b210341233 . . . _:b210341232 . _:b210341235 . _:b210341008 . _:b210341234 . _:b210341245 . . . _:b210341244 . _:b210341284 . _:b210341247 . _:b210341058 . _:b210341246 . . . _:b210341241 . . . _:b210341240 . _:b210341243 . . . _:b210341273 . _:b210341242 . . _:b210341253 . _:b210341252 . . _:b210341353 . _:b210341255 . _:b210341055 . . _:b210341254 . . _:b210341009 . _:b210341108 . _:b210341249 . . _:b210341248 . _:b210341215 . _:b210341251 . . _:b210341250 . _:b210341243 . . _:b210341261 . . _:b210341260 . . _:b210341263 . _:b210341175 . _:b210341262 . _:b210341257 . _:b210341256 . _:b210341259 . . _:b65823 "It has been convincingly demonstrated that vaccination with tumor cells genetically engineered to secrete various cytokines stimulates a potent immune response against tumors outside the CNS (21, >>24<<, 25). We recently showed that subcutaneous vaccination with B16 cells that are genetically engineered to produce GM-CSF stimulates a potent antitumor immune response against B16 tumors located in the brain and increases the survival of" . _:b210341258 . . . _:b210341269 . _:b210341309 . _:b210341251 . _:b210341268 . _:b210341208 . _:b210341271 . _:b210341259 . _:b210341270 . _:b210341265 . _:b210341183 . _:b210341264 . _:b210341267 . _:b210341266 . _:b210341187 . . _:b210341277 . _:b210340970 . _:b210341276 . . . _:b210341279 . . _:b210341278 . . _:b210341273 . . _:b210341212 . . _:b210341272 . . _:b210341203 . . _:b210341275 . . _:b210341274 . _:b210341144 . _:b210341285 . . _:b210341035 . . . _:b210341284 . _:b210341287 . . _:b210341282 . _:b210341286 . . . . _:b210341135 . _:b210341281 . _:b210341254 . _:b210341280 . _:b210341283 . _:b210341060 . _:b210341282 . _:b210341206 . _:b210341293 . _:b210341132 . . _:b210341242 . _:b210341292 . _:b210341125 . _:b210341295 . _:b210341164 . _:b210341294 . _:b210341219 . . _:b210341289 . _:b210341148 . _:b210341288 . . _:b210341291 . . _:b210341126 . _:b210341290 . _:b210341053 . . . _:b210341024 . _:b210341301 . . _:b210341300 . _:b210341104 . . _:b210341105 . _:b210341106 . . _:b210341107 . _:b210341303 . . _:b210341108 . _:b210341109 . _:b210341110 . _:b210341111 . _:b210341302 . _:b210341112 . _:b210341113 . _:b210341229 . _:b210341114 . _:b210341115 . _:b210341297 . _:b210341116 . _:b210341117 . . _:b210341118 . . _:b210341119 . _:b210341296 . _:b210341088 . _:b210341089 . _:b210341090 . _:b210341091 . _:b210341299 . _:b210341092 . _:b210341093 . _:b210341094 . _:b210341095 . _:b210341298 . _:b210341288 . _:b210341096 . _:b210341097 . _:b210341098 . . _:b210341099 . _:b210341309 . _:b210341100 . _:b210341101 . _:b210341102 . _:b210341103 . _:b210341308 . _:b210341072 . _:b210341073 . _:b210341074 . _:b210341075 . _:b210341311 . . _:b210341076 . _:b210340952 . _:b210341077 . _:b210341078 . . _:b210341079 . _:b210341310 . _:b210341080 . _:b210341081 . . _:b210341082 . . _:b210341083 . _:b210341305 . _:b210341084 . _:b210341085 . _:b210341086 . _:b210341087 . _:b210341304 . _:b210341056 . _:b210341057 . _:b210341146 . . . _:b210341058 . _:b210341228 . _:b210341059 . _:b210341307 . . _:b210341060 . _:b210341061 . _:b210341062 . _:b210341063 . _:b210341306 . _:b210341249 . _:b210341064 . . _:b210341065 . . _:b210341066 . . _:b210341067 . _:b210341317 . _:b210341068 . _:b210341069 . _:b210341070 . _:b210341071 . _:b210341316 . _:b210341040 . _:b210341041 . _:b210341020 . _:b210341042 . _:b210341043 . _:b210341319 . _:b210341044 . _:b210341045 . _:b210341248 . _:b210341046 . _:b210341047 . _:b210341318 . . _:b210341048 . . . _:b210341049 . . _:b210341050 . _:b210341214 . _:b210341066 . _:b210341051 . _:b210341313 . _:b210341052 . _:b210341053 . _:b210341054 . _:b210341055 . _:b210341312 . _:b210341024 . _:b210341025 . . _:b210341026 . _:b210341027 . _:b210341315 . _:b210341028 . _:b210341029 . _:b210341030 . _:b210341031 . _:b210341314 . _:b210341032 . _:b210341033 . _:b210341034 . _:b210341035 . _:b210341325 . _:b210341036 . _:b210341037 . . _:b210341038 . _:b210341039 . _:b210341324 . _:b210341008 . _:b210341009 . _:b210341010 . _:b210341011 . _:b210341327 . _:b210341012 . . _:b210341013 . _:b210341154 . _:b210341014 . _:b210341015 . _:b210341326 . _:b210341016 . . _:b210341017 . _:b210341018 . _:b210341019 . _:b210341321 . _:b210341020 . _:b210341021 . _:b210341022 . _:b210341269 . _:b210341023 . _:b210341320 . _:b210340992 . _:b210340993 . . _:b210340994 . _:b210340995 . _:b210341323 . _:b210340996 . _:b210341097 . _:b210340997 . _:b210341077 . _:b210340998 . _:b210341074 . _:b210340999 . _:b210341322 . _:b210341000 . . _:b210340986 . _:b210341001 . _:b210341002 . _:b210341003 . _:b210341333 . _:b210341004 . _:b210341005 . _:b210341006 . _:b210341007 . _:b210341332 . _:b210341293 . _:b210340976 . _:b210340977 . _:b210340978 . _:b210340979 . _:b210341335 . _:b210340980 . . _:b210340981 . _:b210340982 . . _:b210340983 . _:b210341334 . _:b210340984 . _:b210340985 . _:b210340986 . _:b210340951 "7"^^ . _:b210341003 . _:b210340987 . _:b210341329 . _:b210340988 . _:b210340950 "13"^^ . _:b210341083 . _:b210340989 . _:b210340990 . _:b210340991 . _:b210341328 . _:b210340960 . _:b210340961 . _:b210340962 . _:b210340963 . _:b210341331 . . _:b210340964 . _:b210340965 . _:b210340966 . . _:b210340967 . _:b210341330 . _:b210341173 . _:b210340968 . _:b210340969 . _:b210340970 . _:b210340971 . _:b210341341 . _:b210340972 . _:b210340973 . _:b210340974 . _:b210341076 . _:b210340975 . _:b210341340 . _:b210341046 . . _:b210341343 . _:b65811 . _:b210340950 . . _:b210340951 . _:b210341342 . _:b210341031 . _:b210341336 . _:b210340985 . _:b210340957 "5"^^ . _:b210340952 . _:b210340953 . _:b210340954 . _:b210340955 . _:b210341337 . _:b210340956 . _:b210340956 "5"^^ . . _:b210340957 . _:b210340958 . _:b210340959 . _:b210341336 . _:b210340959 "5"^^ . _:b210341341 . . _:b210341339 . _:b210340958 "5"^^ . _:b210340954 "6"^^ . _:b210341338 . _:b210340955 "6"^^ . _:b210341349 . _:b210340952 "7"^^ . _:b210341348 . . . _:b210340953 "6"^^ . . _:b210341351 . . . _:b210341350 . _:b210340965 "5"^^ . . _:b210341345 . _:b210340964 "5"^^ . . _:b210341344 . _:b210340967 "5"^^ . . _:b210341347 . _:b210340966 "5"^^ . . _:b210341346 . _:b210340961 "5"^^ . _:b210340960 "5"^^ . _:b210341006 . _:b210341356 . _:b210340963 "5"^^ . _:b210341239 . _:b210340962 "5"^^ . _:b210340973 "4"^^ . _:b210341040 . _:b210341353 . _:b210340972 "5"^^ . _:b210341070 . . _:b210340975 "4"^^ . _:b210341352 . _:b210341241 . . . _:b210340974 "4"^^ . _:b210341355 . "PMC0" . _:b210341354 . _:b210340969 "5"^^ . _:b210341162 . . _:b210340972 . . _:b210341352 . _:b210341278 . _:b210340968 "5"^^ . _:b210340982 . _:b210341295 . . _:b210341307 . . _:b210340971 "5"^^ . . . _:b210340970 "5"^^ . _:b210341016 . _:b210340981 "4"^^ . . _:b210340980 "4"^^ . . . _:b210340983 "4"^^ . _:b210341344 . _:b210341345 . _:b210341324 . _:b210341346 . _:b210341041 . _:b210341202 . _:b210340982 "4"^^ . _:b210341347 . _:b210341348 . _:b210341349 . _:b210341350 . _:b210341351 . . _:b210340977 "4"^^ . _:b210341352 . _:b210341353 . _:b210341354 . . _:b210340976 "4"^^ . _:b210341355 . _:b210341356 . _:b210340979 "4"^^ . . _:b210341159 . _:b210341328 . _:b210341329 . _:b210341330 . _:b210341331 . _:b210340978 "4"^^ . . _:b210341332 . _:b210341116 . _:b210341333 . _:b210341334 . . _:b210341335 . _:b210340989 "4"^^ . . _:b210341336 . . _:b210341337 . _:b210341338 . . _:b210341339 . _:b210340988 "4"^^ . _:b210341340 . _:b210341341 . _:b210341068 . _:b210341342 . _:b210341343 . _:b210340991 "4"^^ . . _:b210341312 . _:b210341313 . _:b65825 _:b65826 . _:b210341314 . _:b65825 _:b65827 . _:b210341315 . _:b210340990 "4"^^ . _:b210341316 . _:b210341317 . _:b210340999 . . _:b210341318 . _:b210341319 . _:b210340985 "4"^^ . _:b210341320 . _:b210341155 . _:b210341321 . _:b210341322 . _:b210341323 . _:b210340984 "4"^^ . _:b210341324 . _:b210341325 . _:b210341326 . _:b210340977 . _:b210340987 "4"^^ . _:b210341327 . _:b210341296 . _:b210341297 . _:b210341298 . _:b210341299 . _:b210340986 "4"^^ . _:b210341300 . _:b210341301 . _:b210341078 . _:b210341302 . _:b210341303 . _:b210340997 "4"^^ . _:b210341304 . _:b210341305 . _:b210341306 . _:b210341307 . _:b210340996 "4"^^ . _:b210341308 . _:b210341256 . _:b210341309 . _:b210341310 . _:b210340999 "3"^^ . _:b210341311 . _:b210341280 . _:b210341281 . . _:b210341282 . _:b210341283 . _:b210340998 "4"^^ . _:b210341284 . _:b210341285 . _:b210341286 . _:b210341287 . _:b210341145 . _:b210340993 "4"^^ . _:b210341288 . _:b210341085 . _:b210341289 . _:b210341290 . _:b210341291 . _:b210340992 "4"^^ . . _:b210341292 . _:b210341193 . . _:b210341293 . _:b210341294 . _:b210341295 . _:b210340995 "4"^^ . _:b210341264 . _:b210341075 . _:b210341265 . _:b210341266 . . _:b210341267 . _:b210340994 "4"^^ . _:b210341268 . _:b210341269 . _:b210341028 . _:b210341270 . _:b210341005 "3"^^ . _:b210341271 . _:b210341272 . _:b210341273 . _:b210341274 . _:b210341004 "3"^^ . _:b210341005 . _:b210341128 . _:b210341275 . _:b210341276 . _:b210341277 . _:b210341181 . _:b210341278 . _:b210341007 "3"^^ . _:b210341279 . _:b210341248 . _:b210341249 . _:b210341250 . _:b210341301 . _:b210341006 "3"^^ . _:b210341251 . _:b210341252 . _:b210341253 . . _:b210341176 . _:b210341001 "3"^^ . _:b210341254 . _:b210341255 . . _:b210341256 . _:b210341257 . _:b210341258 . . _:b210341000 "3"^^ . _:b210341259 . _:b210341260 . _:b210341261 . _:b210341262 . _:b210341003 "3"^^ . _:b65818 _:b65820 . _:b210341184 . _:b210341263 . _:b65818 _:b65821 . _:b210341157 . _:b210341232 . _:b65818 _:b65822 . _:b210341233 . _:b65818 _:b65823 . _:b210341002 "3"^^ . _:b210341234 . _:b210341235 . _:b210341236 . _:b210341237 . _:b65818 _:b65819 . _:b210341013 "3"^^ . . _:b210341238 . _:b210341239 . _:b210341240 . _:b210341241 . _:b210341242 . _:b210341012 "3"^^ . _:b210341243 . _:b210341244 . _:b210341245 . _:b210341246 . _:b210341015 "3"^^ . _:b210341247 . . _:b210341216 . _:b210341217 . _:b210341218 . _:b210341014 "3"^^ . _:b210341071 . _:b210341219 . _:b210341220 . _:b210341221 . _:b210341222 . _:b210341009 "3"^^ . . _:b210341223 . _:b210341224 . . . _:b210341335 . _:b210341225 . _:b210341226 . _:b210341008 "3"^^ . _:b65818 _:b65824 . _:b210341227 . _:b210341228 . . _:b210341229 . _:b210341230 . _:b210341011 "3"^^ . . _:b210341231 . _:b210341013 . _:b210341200 . _:b210341201 . _:b210341202 . _:b210341010 "3"^^ . _:b210341203 . _:b210341204 . _:b210341205 . _:b210341117 . _:b210341206 . _:b210341021 "3"^^ . _:b210341207 . _:b210341208 . _:b210341209 . _:b210341210 . _:b210341020 "3"^^ . . _:b210341211 . _:b210341212 . _:b210341213 . . _:b210341023 "3"^^ . _:b210341121 . _:b210341214 . . _:b65804 _:b65812 . _:b210341215 . _:b65804 _:b65813 . _:b210341184 . _:b65804 _:b65814 . _:b210341185 . _:b65804 _:b65815 . _:b210341022 "3"^^ . _:b210341186 . _:b65804 _:b65808 . . _:b210341187 . _:b65804 _:b65809 . _:b210341172 . _:b210341188 . _:b65804 _:b65810 . _:b210341189 . _:b65804 _:b65811 . _:b210341017 "3"^^ . _:b210341190 . _:b210341052 . _:b210341191 . . _:b210341192 . _:b210341193 . _:b210341194 . _:b210341016 "3"^^ . _:b65804 _:b65816 . _:b210341195 . _:b65804 _:b65817 . _:b210341196 . _:b210341197 . _:b210341198 . _:b210341019 "3"^^ . _:b210341199 . _:b210341168 . _:b210341153 . _:b210341169 . _:b210341170 . _:b210341018 "3"^^ . _:b210341171 . _:b210341172 . _:b210341173 . _:b210341174 . _:b210341029 "3"^^ . _:b210341175 . _:b65804 _:b65805 . _:b210341176 . _:b65804 _:b65806 . _:b210341114 . _:b210341177 . _:b65804 _:b65807 . _:b210341287 . _:b210341028 "3"^^ . _:b210341178 . . _:b210341179 . _:b210341255 . _:b210341180 . _:b210341181 . _:b210341182 . _:b210341031 "3"^^ . _:b210341183 . . _:b210341129 . _:b210341152 . _:b210341153 . _:b210341154 . _:b210341030 "3"^^ . . _:b210341155 . . _:b210341156 . _:b210341157 . . _:b210341025 "3"^^ . _:b210341158 . . _:b210341159 . _:b210341160 . _:b210341161 . _:b210341162 . _:b210341024 "3"^^ . _:b210341163 . _:b210341164 . . _:b210341110 . _:b210341165 . _:b210341166 . _:b210341027 "3"^^ . . _:b210341012 . _:b210341167 . _:b210341136 . _:b210341290 . _:b210341137 . _:b210341138 . _:b210341026 "3"^^ . . _:b210341139 . _:b210341140 . _:b210341194 . _:b210341141 . _:b210341142 . _:b210341037 "3"^^ . _:b210341143 . _:b210341144 . _:b210341059 . _:b210341145 . _:b210341146 . _:b210341298 . _:b210341036 "3"^^ . . _:b210341147 . _:b210341148 . _:b210341149 . _:b210341150 . _:b210341198 . _:b210341039 "3"^^ . _:b210341151 . _:b210341002 . _:b210341120 . _:b210341121 . _:b210341122 . _:b210341038 "3"^^ . _:b210341123 . _:b210341124 . _:b210341125 . _:b210341126 . _:b210341033 "3"^^ . _:b210341127 . _:b210341128 . _:b210341129 . . _:b210341032 "3"^^ . _:b210340956 . _:b210341130 . _:b210341131 . . _:b210341132 . . _:b210341133 . . _:b210341035 "3"^^ . _:b210341134 . _:b210341135 . . _:b210341034 "3"^^ . _:b210341112 . . _:b210341220 . _:b210341045 "3"^^ . . _:b210341044 "3"^^ . . . . _:b210341339 . . . _:b210341047 "3"^^ . _:b65811 "of DC preparation was characterized by cell surface marker analysis, morphological analysis, and the ability of the preparation to induce OVA-specific CTLs in immunized mice as previously described (data not shown; references 19, >>20<<)." . _:b210341111 . . . _:b210341046 "3"^^ . . _:b210341041 "3"^^ . _:b210340976 . . _:b210341040 "3"^^ . _:b210341136 . . _:b210341043 "3"^^ . _:b210341042 "3"^^ . . _:b210341053 "3"^^ . _:b210341303 . _:b210341166 . _:b210341052 "3"^^ . _:b210341055 "3"^^ . . . _:b210341054 "3"^^ . _:b210341049 "3"^^ . _:b210341143 . _:b210341289 . . . _:b210341048 "3"^^ . _:b210341051 "3"^^ . _:b210341050 "3"^^ . _:b210341096 . _:b210341061 "3"^^ . . _:b210341323 . _:b210341060 "3"^^ . . _:b210341063 "3"^^ . _:b210341328 . _:b210341062 "3"^^ . _:b210341087 . _:b210341057 "3"^^ . _:b210341210 . . . _:b210341056 "3"^^ . _:b210341179 . . _:b210341321 . _:b210341059 "3"^^ . _:b210341058 "3"^^ . _:b65809 "The procedure used in these studies was the same as previously described (8, >>19<<). In brief, bone marrow was flushed from the long bones of the limbs and depleted of red cells with ammonium chloride." . _:b210341069 "3"^^ . _:b210341333 . _:b210341348 . _:b210341068 "3"^^ . _:b210341277 . _:b210341071 "3"^^ . _:b210341070 "3"^^ . _:b210340996 . _:b210341329 . _:b210341065 "3"^^ . _:b210341064 "3"^^ . _:b210341279 . _:b210341067 "3"^^ . . _:b210341066 "3"^^ . _:b210340951 . _:b210341077 "2"^^ . _:b210340950 . _:b210341076 "2"^^ . . . _:b210341079 "2"^^ . . . _:b210341291 . _:b210341078 "2"^^ . _:b210341073 "3"^^ . _:b65823 . _:b210341104 . _:b210341072 "3"^^ . _:b210340957 . _:b210341063 . _:b210341075 "3"^^ . _:b210340956 . . _:b210341074 "3"^^ . _:b210340959 . _:b210341085 "2"^^ . . _:b210340958 . . . _:b210341084 "2"^^ . _:b210340953 . _:b210341247 . _:b210341087 "2"^^ . _:b210341221 . _:b210340952 . _:b210341086 "2"^^ . _:b210340966 . _:b210340955 . . _:b210341081 "2"^^ . _:b210341086 . . _:b210340954 . _:b210340969 . _:b210341073 . _:b210341080 "2"^^ . _:b210340965 . . _:b210341083 "2"^^ . . _:b210340964 . _:b65821 . _:b210341082 "2"^^ . _:b210340967 . _:b210341093 "2"^^ . _:b210340966 . _:b210341163 . . _:b210341192 . _:b210341092 "2"^^ . _:b210340961 . _:b210341319 . _:b210341095 "2"^^ . _:b210341120 . . _:b210340960 . _:b65809 . _:b210341094 "2"^^ . _:b65806 . _:b210340963 . _:b65810 . _:b210341089 "2"^^ . _:b210340962 . _:b210341088 "2"^^ . . . _:b210340973 . _:b210341105 . _:b210341091 "2"^^ . _:b210340972 . _:b210341109 . _:b210341090 "2"^^ . . _:b210341271 . _:b210340975 . _:b210341101 "2"^^ . _:b210340974 . _:b210341100 "2"^^ . _:b210340969 . _:b210341103 "2"^^ . _:b210341312 . _:b210340958 . _:b210340968 . _:b210341238 . _:b210341102 "2"^^ . _:b210341140 . _:b210340971 . _:b210341097 "2"^^ . _:b210341344 . _:b210340981 . _:b210340970 . _:b210341096 "2"^^ . . _:b210340981 . _:b210341316 . _:b210341308 . _:b210341099 "2"^^ . _:b210340980 . . _:b210341098 "2"^^ . _:b210340983 . _:b210341064 . _:b210341109 "2"^^ . _:b210341122 . _:b210340982 . _:b210341108 "2"^^ . . _:b210340977 . _:b210341100 . _:b210341111 "2"^^ . _:b210341302 . _:b210340976 . _:b65807 . _:b210341110 "2"^^ . _:b210340979 . _:b210341105 "2"^^ . _:b210340978 . . . _:b210341115 . _:b210341104 "2"^^ . . _:b210341245 . _:b210340989 . _:b210341209 . _:b210341233 . _:b210341107 "2"^^ . _:b210340988 . _:b210341106 "2"^^ . . _:b210340991 . _:b210341048 . _:b210341117 "2"^^ . _:b210340990 . _:b210341116 "2"^^ . _:b210340985 . . _:b210341119 "2"^^ . . _:b210340951 . _:b210340984 . _:b210341118 "2"^^ . _:b210341054 . _:b210341033 . _:b210340987 . _:b210341113 "2"^^ . _:b210341032 . _:b210340986 . _:b210341112 "2"^^ . _:b210340997 . . _:b210341115 "2"^^ . _:b210340996 . _:b210341114 "2"^^ . . _:b65815 "GM-CSF production from B16 cells exposed to virus was confirmed by ELISA (Endogen, Cambridge, MA) and standard bioassays (>>21<<)." . _:b210340999 . _:b210341125 "2"^^ . _:b210340998 . . _:b210341124 "2"^^ . _:b210340993 . _:b210340980 . . _:b210341127 "2"^^ . _:b210341037 . _:b210340992 . _:b210341126 "2"^^ . . _:b210340995 . _:b210341211 . . _:b210341121 "2"^^ . . _:b210341067 . _:b210340994 . . . _:b210341120 "2"^^ . _:b210341005 . . _:b210341274 . _:b210341123 "2"^^ . _:b210341317 . _:b210341004 . _:b210341207 . . _:b210341122 "2"^^ . _:b210341130 . _:b210341007 . . _:b210341133 "2"^^ . . _:b210341268 . . _:b210341006 . . . _:b210341132 "2"^^ . _:b65818 "results" . _:b210341001 . . _:b210341135 "2"^^ . _:b210341000 . _:b210341051 . _:b210341134 "2"^^ . _:b210341003 . _:b210341129 "2"^^ . _:b210341002 . _:b210341128 "2"^^ . . . . _:b210341013 . _:b210341131 "2"^^ . _:b210341012 . _:b210341091 . _:b210341354 . _:b210341226 . _:b210340957 . _:b210341130 "2"^^ . . _:b210341015 . _:b210341141 "2"^^ . _:b210341014 . _:b210341311 . _:b210341140 "2"^^ . _:b210341171 . _:b210341177 . _:b210341009 . . _:b210341143 "2"^^ . _:b210341305 . _:b210341008 . . _:b210341142 "2"^^ . _:b210341011 . _:b210341267 . _:b210341137 "2"^^ . _:b210341010 . . _:b210341136 "2"^^ . _:b210341252 . _:b210341021 . _:b65813 "Crip cells genetically engineered to produce replication-incompetent recombinant retrovirus with an amphotropic host range and with the ability to encode the cDNA for the murine GM-CSF gene were used as previously described (>>4<<, 21). B16 cells were infected by exposure to viral supernatants from these cells in the presence of polybrene (Sigma Chemical Co., St." . . _:b210341139 "2"^^ . _:b210341020 . _:b210341138 "2"^^ . _:b210341023 . _:b65807 "All cell lines were shown to be free from Mycoplasma contamination as previously described (>>18<<). All experiments used 6\u201312-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME), which were maintained in a virus-free environment in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Resources Commission standards." . . _:b210341023 . _:b210341149 "2"^^ . _:b210341004 . _:b210341022 . . _:b210341349 . _:b210341148 "2"^^ . _:b210341017 . _:b210341151 "2"^^ . _:b210341016 . . . _:b210341257 . _:b210341150 "2"^^ . _:b210341088 . . _:b210341019 . . _:b210341145 "2"^^ . _:b65805 . _:b210341018 . _:b210341196 . _:b210341144 "2"^^ . _:b210341029 . _:b210341147 "2"^^ . . _:b210341028 . _:b210341146 "2"^^ . _:b210341031 . _:b210341157 "2"^^ . _:b210341174 . _:b210341030 . _:b210340954 . _:b210341156 "2"^^ . _:b210341095 . _:b210341025 . . . _:b210341159 "2"^^ . _:b210341024 . . _:b210341158 "2"^^ . _:b210341027 . . . _:b210341153 "2"^^ . . _:b210341026 . _:b210341152 "2"^^ . . _:b210341037 . _:b210341197 . _:b210341155 "2"^^ . . _:b210341094 . _:b210341036 . . _:b210341154 "2"^^ . . _:b210341204 . _:b210341039 . _:b210341165 "2"^^ . _:b210341025 . _:b210341038 . _:b210341164 "2"^^ . _:b210341033 . _:b210341225 . _:b210341167 "2"^^ . _:b210341032 . _:b210341166 "2"^^ . _:b210341340 . _:b210341035 . . _:b210341161 "2"^^ . _:b210341039 . _:b210341034 . . _:b210341160 "2"^^ . _:b210341045 . _:b210341234 . _:b210341163 "2"^^ . _:b210341044 . _:b210341162 "2"^^ . _:b210341237 . _:b210341047 . . _:b210341173 "2"^^ . _:b65826 "These vaccines require the considerable tasks of ex vivo purification, culture, expansion, and transfection of tumor specimens, a difficult undertaking even for tumors outside the CNS (6, >>7<<). DC-based vaccines may overcome some of these problems. First, human DCs can be generated from peripheral blood; therefore, supplies are not limited. Secondly, the ex vivo manipulations required to produce antigen-pulsed DCs are simpler" . _:b210341046 . _:b210341188 . _:b210341172 "2"^^ . _:b210341350 . _:b210341041 . _:b210341175 "2"^^ . _:b210341036 . _:b210341040 . _:b210341174 "2"^^ . . _:b210341043 . _:b210341169 "2"^^ . _:b210341042 . . _:b210341168 "2"^^ . _:b210341142 . _:b210341053 . . _:b210341297 . _:b210341171 "2"^^ . _:b210341052 . . _:b210341217 . _:b210341170 "2"^^ . _:b210341055 . _:b210341334 . . _:b210341181 "2"^^ . _:b210341054 . _:b210341180 "2"^^ . _:b210341049 . _:b210341224 . _:b210341183 "2"^^ . . _:b210341048 . . _:b210341182 "2"^^ . _:b210341081 . . _:b210341051 . _:b210341177 "2"^^ . . _:b210341050 . . . _:b210341176 "2"^^ . _:b210341246 . _:b210341061 . . _:b210341179 "2"^^ . _:b210341060 . _:b210341123 . _:b210341178 "2"^^ . . _:b65827 . . _:b210341063 . . . . _:b210341189 "2"^^ . _:b210341034 . _:b210341062 . . . _:b210341188 "2"^^ . _:b210340950 . _:b210341351 . _:b210341057 . _:b210341137 . _:b210341191 "2"^^ . _:b210341056 . _:b210341356 . . _:b210341190 "2"^^ . _:b210341059 . _:b210341185 "2"^^ . _:b210341313 . . _:b210341058 . _:b210341010 . _:b210341347 . _:b210341184 "2"^^ . _:b210341069 . _:b210341187 "2"^^ . _:b65825 . _:b210341068 . . _:b210341186 "2"^^ . . _:b210341071 . _:b210341197 "2"^^ . _:b210341070 . . _:b210341196 "2"^^ . _:b210341065 . _:b210341281 . _:b210341199 "2"^^ . . _:b210341064 . _:b210341198 "2"^^ . _:b210341067 . . _:b210341193 "2"^^ . _:b210341066 . _:b210341192 "2"^^ . _:b210341077 . _:b210340979 . _:b210341213 . _:b210341195 "2"^^ . _:b210341076 . . _:b210341194 "2"^^ . _:b210341079 . _:b210341205 "2"^^ . _:b210341330 . _:b210341078 . . _:b210341204 "2"^^ . _:b65804 . . _:b210341073 . _:b210341207 "2"^^ . _:b210341072 . . _:b210341206 "2"^^ . _:b210341075 . _:b210341201 "2"^^ . _:b210341079 . _:b210341118 . . _:b210341074 . . _:b65818 . _:b210341200 "2"^^ . _:b210341044 . . _:b210341085 . _:b210341203 "2"^^ . _:b210341084 . _:b210341296 . . _:b210341202 "2"^^ . _:b210341087 . _:b210341213 "2"^^ . _:b210341086 . . _:b210341212 "2"^^ . _:b65824 . _:b210341081 . _:b210341215 "2"^^ . _:b210341092 . _:b210341080 . _:b210341214 "2"^^ . . _:b210341083 . . _:b210341209 "2"^^ . . _:b210341082 . _:b210341208 "2"^^ . _:b210341093 . _:b210341211 "2"^^ . _:b210341092 . _:b210341139 . _:b210341210 "2"^^ . _:b210340993 . _:b210341095 . _:b210341221 "2"^^ . _:b210341094 . _:b210341220 "2"^^ . _:b210341089 . _:b210341223 "2"^^ . . _:b210341088 . _:b210341222 "2"^^ . . _:b210341091 . _:b210341217 "2"^^ . _:b210341090 . _:b210341216 "2"^^ . _:b210341101 . _:b210341219 "2"^^ . . _:b210341100 . _:b210341089 . _:b210341218 "2"^^ . _:b210341027 . _:b210341103 . _:b210341229 "2"^^ . _:b210341102 . _:b210341149 . _:b210341228 "2"^^ . _:b210341097 . _:b210341231 "2"^^ . . _:b210341096 . _:b210341201 . _:b210341230 "2"^^ . _:b210341102 . _:b210340987 . _:b210341099 . _:b210341225 "2"^^ . . _:b210341098 . _:b210341014 . _:b210341224 "2"^^ . _:b210341109 . _:b210341113 . _:b210341227 "2"^^ . . _:b210341108 . _:b210341226 "2"^^ . _:b210341111 . _:b210341237 "2"^^ . _:b210341110 . . _:b210341236 "2"^^ . . _:b210341151 . _:b210341105 . . . . _:b210341239 "2"^^ . _:b210341104 . . _:b210341238 "2"^^ . . _:b210341107 . _:b210341191 . _:b210341310 . _:b210341233 "2"^^ . . _:b210341106 . . _:b210340978 . _:b210341232 "2"^^ . _:b210341117 . . _:b210341285 . _:b210341022 . _:b210341235 "2"^^ . . _:b210341116 . _:b65812 "Total RNA was isolated from actively growing tissue culture cells by standard methods as previously described (>>15<<). Pulsing DCs with RNA was performed in serum-free Opti-MEM medium (GIBCO BRL) as described for tumor extracts with the following modifications." . _:b210341234 "2"^^ . _:b210341119 . _:b210341245 "2"^^ . _:b210341118 . _:b210341244 "2"^^ . _:b210341113 . . _:b210341247 "2"^^ . _:b210341112 . _:b210341246 "2"^^ . _:b210341115 . _:b210341241 "2"^^ . _:b210341114 . . _:b210341240 "2"^^ . _:b210341332 . _:b65820 "High levels of nonspecific lysis associated with the use of bone marrow\u2013derived DCs have been previously described and were shown to be dependent upon the presence of sygeneic MHC class II molecules on the immunizing DCs (>>8<<) and can be partially overcome by the adherence depletion of antigen-presenting cells before the restimulation of effectors (19)." . _:b210341243 "2"^^ . _:b210341242 "2"^^ . . _:b210341253 . _:b210341150 . _:b210341253 "2"^^ . . . . _:b210341252 "2"^^ . _:b65820 . . _:b210341255 "2"^^ . . _:b210341254 "2"^^ . _:b210341249 "2"^^ . _:b210341248 "2"^^ . _:b65808 . . _:b210341251 "2"^^ . _:b210341160 . . . _:b210341250 "2"^^ . _:b210341261 "2"^^ . . _:b210341260 "2"^^ . . _:b210341263 "2"^^ . _:b210341178 . . _:b210341262 "2"^^ . . _:b210340990 . _:b210341257 "2"^^ . _:b65813 . . _:b210341256 "2"^^ . . _:b210341259 "2"^^ . . . _:b210341133 . _:b210340962 . . _:b210341258 "2"^^ . _:b210341269 "2"^^ . _:b65817 . . . _:b210341268 "2"^^ . . _:b210341304 . _:b210341271 "2"^^ . _:b210341205 . _:b65819 . _:b65812 . _:b210341270 "2"^^ . _:b210341265 "2"^^ . _:b210340967 . _:b210341264 "2"^^ . . _:b210341267 "2"^^ . _:b210341266 "2"^^ . _:b210341057 . . _:b210340960 . _:b210341277 "2"^^ . . _:b65808 "The procedure used in these studies was the same as previously described (>>8<<, 19). In brief, bone marrow was flushed from the long bones of the limbs and depleted of red cells with ammonium chloride." . _:b210341167 . _:b210341276 "2"^^ . _:b210341200 . _:b210340975 . _:b210341279 "2"^^ . _:b210341278 "2"^^ . _:b210341021 . _:b210341273 "2"^^ . _:b210340971 . _:b210341272 "2"^^ . _:b210340965 . . _:b210341261 . _:b210341275 "2"^^ . _:b210341274 "2"^^ . . _:b210340997 . _:b210341285 "2"^^ . _:b210341284 "2"^^ . _:b210341314 . . _:b210341287 "2"^^ . _:b65804 . _:b210340992 . _:b210341286 "2"^^ . _:b210340964 . _:b65805 . _:b210341281 "2"^^ . _:b65806 . . _:b210341280 "2"^^ . _:b65807 . _:b65810 "quality of DC preparation was characterized by cell surface marker analysis, morphological analysis, and the ability of the preparation to induce OVA-specific CTLs in immunized mice as previously described (data not shown; references >>19<<, 20)." . _:b210341216 . _:b210341283 "2"^^ . _:b210341282 "2"^^ . _:b210341007 . _:b210341293 "2"^^ . . _:b210341292 "2"^^ . . _:b210341295 "2"^^ . _:b210340994 . _:b65812 . _:b210341270 . _:b210341294 "2"^^ . _:b65813 . _:b210341127 . . _:b210341289 "2"^^ . _:b65814 . . _:b210341235 . _:b210341288 "2"^^ . _:b65815 . _:b210341011 . _:b210341291 "2"^^ . _:b210341338 . _:b65808 . _:b210341029 . _:b210341337 . _:b210341290 "2"^^ . _:b65809 . _:b210340973 . _:b210341262 . _:b210341301 "2"^^ . _:b65810 . . _:b210341300 "2"^^ . _:b65811 . _:b210341303 "2"^^ . _:b65820 . . _:b210341302 "2"^^ . _:b65821 . . _:b210341297 "2"^^ . _:b65822 . . _:b210341296 "2"^^ . _:b65823 . _:b210341299 "2"^^ . _:b210341124 . _:b65816 . . _:b210341158 . _:b210341298 "2"^^ . _:b65817 . _:b210341309 "2"^^ . _:b65818 . _:b210341199 . . _:b210341308 "2"^^ . _:b65819 . _:b210340968 . _:b210341311 "2"^^ . . _:b210341185 . _:b210341310 "2"^^ . . _:b210341305 "2"^^ . . . _:b210341304 "2"^^ . _:b210341001 . . _:b210341307 "2"^^ . _:b65824 . . . _:b210341306 "2"^^ . _:b65825 . _:b210341317 "2"^^ . _:b210341306 . _:b65826 . _:b210341165 . _:b65827 "It has been shown that immunizing nonhuman primates and guinea pigs with human glioblastoma multiforme tissue can induce allergic encephalomyelitis that is lethal (>>5<<). Vaccination with unfractionated tumor\u2013derived antigens, such as those possibly contained in an autologous tumor cell vaccine derived from the CNS and modified genetically, may lead to potentially disastrous consequences such as" . _:b210341316 "2"^^ . _:b65827 . . _:b210341319 "2"^^ . _:b65821 "and were shown to be dependent upon the presence of sygeneic MHC class II molecules on the immunizing DCs (8) and can be partially overcome by the adherence depletion of antigen-presenting cells before the restimulation of effectors (>>19<<)." . _:b210340955 . _:b210341318 "2"^^ . _:b210341313 "2"^^ . _:b210341101 . _:b210341240 . _:b210341312 "2"^^ . . _:b210341315 "2"^^ . _:b210341080 . _:b210341286 . . _:b210341314 "2"^^ . _:b210341275 . _:b210341325 "2"^^ . _:b210341324 "2"^^ .